Na kasance ina yin injuna shekaru da yawa, kuma na sarrafa iri-irimachining sassa, juya sassakumasassa na niƙata hanyar kayan aikin injin CNC da madaidaicin kayan aiki.Koyaushe akwai sashi ɗaya mai mahimmanci, kuma shine dunƙule.
A yi maki na kusoshi ga karfe tsarin dangane sun kasu kashi fiye da 10 maki kamar 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, daga cikin abin da kusoshi na sa 8.8 da kuma sama da aka yi na low-- Carbon alloy karfe ko matsakaici-carbon karfe kuma an yi zafi-magani (quenching, tempering), wanda aka fi sani da high-ƙarfi bolts, sauran kuma yawanci ake magana a kai a matsayin talakawa kusoshi.Alamar aikin bolt ta ƙunshi sassa biyu na lambobi, waɗanda bi da bi suna wakiltar ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi na ƙima da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin abin da aka samu.Misali:
Ma'anar kusoshi tare da matakin aiki 4.6 shine:
Ƙarfin ƙarancin ƙima na kayan ƙwanƙwasa ya kai 400MPa;
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na kayan kwalliya shine 0.6;
Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na abin rufewa ya kai matakin 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa.
Ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi 10.9, bayan maganin zafi, na iya isa:
Ƙarfin ƙarancin ƙima na kayan ƙwanƙwasa ya kai 1000MPa;
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na kayan kwalliya shine 0.9;
Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na abin rufewa ya kai matakin 1000 × 0.9=900MPa.
Ma'anar darajar aikin bolt shine ma'auni na duniya.Bolts na aji iri ɗaya suna da aikin iri ɗaya ba tare da la'akari da bambancin kayansu da asalinsu ba.Za'a iya zaɓar darajar aikin kawai don ƙira.
Abin da ake kira 8.8 da 10.9 ƙarfin maki yana nufin cewa matakan damuwa na bolts sune 8.8GPa da 10.9GPa
8.8 Ƙarfin tensile na ƙima 800N/MM2 Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa 640N/MM2
Gabaɗaya bolts suna amfani da “XY” don nuna ƙarfi, X * 100 = Ƙarfin ƙarfin wannan kusoshi, X * 100 * (Y/10) = Ƙarfin ba da ƙarfi na wannan kusoshi (saboda bisa ga lakabin: ƙarfin ƙarfi / ƙarfin ƙarfi = Y/ 10)
Irin su daraja 4.8, ƙarfin jujjuyawar wannan kullin shine: 400MPa;Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine: 400*8/10=320MPa.
Wani: Bakin karfe bolts yawanci ana yiwa alama alama kamar A4-70, A2-70, an bayyana ma'anar in ba haka ba.
auna
A yau akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan ma'aunin tsayi iri biyu a duniya a yau, ɗaya shine tsarin awo, sannan ma'aunin ma'aunin mita (m), centimeter (cm), millimeters (mm), da sauransu, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. irin su Turai, ƙasata, da Japan, ɗayan kuma shine tsarin awo.Nau’in shi ne tsarin sarauta, kuma na’urar aunawa ta fi inci ne, wanda yake daidai da tsohon tsarin da ake da shi a kasata, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a kasashen Amurka da Ingila da sauran kasashen Turai da Amurka.
Ma'aunin awo: (tsarin ƙima) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Ma'aunin inci: (tsarin octal) 1 inch = 8 inci 1 inch = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
1/4 na waɗannan samfuran suna amfani da lambobi don wakiltar diamita na ƙarar su, kamar: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#
zaren
Zare siffa ce mai siffa mai kama da tsinkayar tsinkaya mai kama da juna akan wani sashe na ingantacciyar saman waje ko na ciki.Dangane da sifofin tsarinsa da amfaninsa, ana iya raba shi gida uku:
Zare na yau da kullun: Siffar haƙori mai ɗaci uku ne, ana amfani da ita don haɗawa ko ɗaure sassa.An raba zaren yau da kullun zuwa zaren mara nauyi da kuma lallausan zaren daidai da farar, kuma ƙarfin haɗin zaren zaren ya fi girma.
Zaren watsawa: Siffar hakori ya haɗa da trapezoidal, rectangular, saw-dimbin yawa da triangular.
Zare mai hatimi: ana amfani da shi don haɗa haɗin gwiwa, galibi zaren bututu, zaren da aka ɗora da zaren bututun da aka ɗaure.
Rarraba ta siffa:
Zaren dacewa daraja
Fitar da zaren shine madaidaicin sako-sako ko matsawa tsakanin zaren da aka zare, kuma matakin dacewa shine kayyade haɗe-haɗe da juriya da ke aiki akan zaren ciki da waje.
1. Domin haɗin zaren inci ɗaya, akwai maki uku don zaren waje: 1A, 2A da 3A, da maki uku don zaren ciki: 1B, 2B da 3B, waɗanda duk sun dace.Mafi girma lambar sa, da matsi da dacewa.A cikin zaren inch ɗin, karkatarwar ta ƙayyade maki 1A da 2A kawai, karkacewar sa 3A sifili ne, kuma karkacewar sa na 1A da 2A daidai yake.Mafi girman adadin maki, ƙaramin haƙuri.
Azuzuwan 1A da 1B, azuzuwan haƙuri maras kyau, waɗanda suka dace da juriyar juriya na zaren ciki da na waje.
Azuzuwan 2A da 2B sune mafi yawan nau'o'in jurewar zaren da aka kayyade don jerin injiniyoyi na masarauta.
Class 3A da 3B, wanda aka dunƙule don samar da mafi ƙunci, dacewa da masu ɗaure tare da matsananciyar haƙuri, kuma ana amfani da su cikin ƙira mai mahimmancin aminci.
Don zaren waje, maki 1A da 2A suna da juriya mai dacewa, aji 3A baya.Haƙuri na Class 1A sun fi 50% girma fiye da juriya na Class 2A, 75% ya fi girma fiye da juriya na Class 3A, da juriya na Class 2B sun fi 30% girma fiye da haƙurin Class 2A don zaren ciki.Class 1B ya fi 50% girma fiye da Class 2B da 75% girma fiye da Class 3B.
2. Don metric zaren, akwai maki uku don zaren waje: 4h, 6h da 6g, da maki uku don zaren ciki: 5H, 6H, da 7H.(Ma'aunin daidaiton ma'aunin zaren Jafananci ya kasu zuwa maki uku: I, II, da III, kuma yawanci shi ne aji II.) A cikin ma'auni, ainihin karkata na H da h ba kome ba ne.Bambancin asali na G yana da inganci, kuma ainihin karkatar da e, f da g mara kyau ne.
H shine matsayin yanki na juriya da aka saba amfani da shi don zaren ciki, kuma gabaɗaya ba a yi amfani da shi azaman rufin saman ƙasa, ko kuma ana amfani da Layer phosphating bakin ciki sosai.Ana amfani da ɓata na asali na matsayin G don lokatai na musamman, kamar surufi masu kauri, kuma galibi ba safai ake amfani da su ba.
g ana yawan amfani da shi don faranti na bakin ciki na 6-9um.Idan zanen samfurin yana buƙatar kulle na 6h, zaren kafin plating yana ɗaukar yankin haƙuri na 6g.
Zaren da ya dace ya fi dacewa a haɗa shi cikin H/g, H/h ko G/h.Don zaren na'urorin da aka gyara kamar su kusoshi da kwayoyi, ma'auni yana ba da shawarar dacewa da 6H/6g.
3. Alamar zare
Babban ma'auni na geometric na zaren bugun kai da haƙowa kai
1. Manyan diamita/diamita na haƙori na waje (d1): Ita ce diamita na silinda ta hasashe inda zaren zaren ya zo daidai.Babban diamita na zaren asali yana wakiltar diamita mara kyau na girman zaren.
2. Ƙananan diamita / tushen diamita (d2): Ita ce diamita na silinda ta hasashe inda zaren ƙasa ya zo daidai.
3. Nisan haƙori (p): Ita ce tazarar axial tsakanin haƙoran da ke kusa da su daidai da maki biyu akan tsakiyar-meridian.A cikin tsarin daular, ana nuna nisan haƙori ta adadin hakora a kowane inch (25.4mm).
Wadannan sune jerin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun haƙoran haƙora (tsarin awo) da adadin haƙora (tsarin mulkin mallaka)
1) Metric hakora masu taɓo kansu:
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Fitowa: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Haƙoran kai na Imperial:
Bayani: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Yawan hakora: AB hakora 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Hakora 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-02-2023