Ukujika yinkqubo yomatshini eyenziwa kwilathe, eyona nkalo ibalulekileyo kwimveliso yoomatshini. Kule nkqubo, i-workpiece ejikelezayo ibunjwe ngokusebenzisa isixhobo sokusika esibizwa ngokuba yi-turning tool. Iilathesi zisetyenziselwa ukusebenza kumacandelo afana neeshafti, iidiski, kunye nemikhono, eneendawo ezijikelezayo. Ziyezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwisixhobo somatshini kuzo zombini iindibano zocweyo zokuvelisa kunye nokulungisa.
Akukho siphelo kwizakhono zabaqhubi be-lathe. Abaqhubi be-lathe abaxhaphakileyo abafuni izakhono eziphezulu kakhulu. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintlanu, ezizezona zixhaphakileyo eluntwini.
1. Abaqhubi be-lathe abaqhelekileyo, kulula kwaye kulula ukufunda, i-CNC lathe processing factory.
2. Abaqhubi be-lethe ye-mold, ngakumbi abo basebenza kwiileyile ezichanekileyo zeplastiki, kufuneka babambelele kwiimfuno ezingqongqo malunga nezixhobo kunye nemilinganiselo echanekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zetsimbi ezibonelela ngesiphumo esihle sokupholisa, ukufezekisa ukugqiba kwesibuko. Kufuneka kwakhona ukwazi ukuba imveliso evela kule seti yokubumba yenziwe kwi-ABS okanye olunye uhlobo lweplastiki, kunye nokuqina kweengxenye zeplastiki ezilinganiswe ngeemilimitha. Ukongeza, kukho eminye imiba yolwazi eqhelekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Amalungu agqityiweyo kufuneka abe nokugqitywa komgangatho ophezulu, kube lula ukupolisha, kwaye afumane umphumo onjengesipili. Isiseko esiluqilima kwimigaqo yokubumba iplastiki ibalulekile.
3. Abaqhubi bezixhobo ze-lathe basebenza ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nee-reamers, iidrill, ii-alloy cutters, kunye nezikhondo zesixhobo. Olu hlobo lotyando lweleyile lukholisa ukuba lolona lulula kodwa lunokudinisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zixhobo ziveliswa ngobuninzi, kunye neziko eliphindwe kabini, i-taper, kunye nemodyuli yokuhamba phakathi kwezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo.
Ukufezekisa ezona ziphumo zikhawulezayo nezisebenzayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukunxiba kwesixhobo. Ubunzima bezinto ezicutshungulwa ngolu hlobo lomqhubi we-lathe luphantse luphakame njengomgangatho wentsimbi emhlophe. Umgangatho wokugaya ummese we-alloy uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho weemveliso ezigqityiweyo.
4. Umqhubi weleyile wezixhobo ezikhulu: olu hlobo lomqhubi weleyile kufuneka abe nezakhono eziphezulu, kwaye kufuneka ukufundisa ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa intambo emi nkqo.
Umzekelo: Ukujika i-crankshaft, kufuneka uqale ufunde umzobo ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba ngowuphi omawuwusetyenzwe kuqala kwaye ngowuphi owusetyenzwa kamva, nokuba uyaphulukana nokusila okanye inkqubo ethe ngqo ukuya kubungakanani, nokuba umsonto ulungile okanye awulunganga...
5. Umqhubi we-lathe we-CNC: olu hlobo lomsebenzi we-lathe lolona lulula kwaye lunzima kakhulu. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukwazi ukufunda imizobo, inkqubo, ukuguqula iifomyula, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.
Ukujikela kwinkqubo
I-lathe sisixhobo somatshini esisetyenziselwa ukujikelezisa i-workpiece, ngelixa uvumela intshukumo yomgca okanye egobileyo yesixhobo sokusika. Le nkqubo itshintsha imilo kunye nobukhulu bomsebenzi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zoyilo oluthile.
Ukuguqula indlela yokusika eyenziwa kwi-lathe, apho i-workpiece ijikeleza ngokumalunga nesixhobo. Kule nkqubo, amandla okusika anikezelwa ngokuyinhloko ngumsebenzi ojikelezayo kunokuba isixhobo sokusika ngokwaso. Ukujika yenye yezona ndlela zisisiseko kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso. Ilungele ngokukodwa ukudala iindawo ezijikelezayo. Uninzi lwezinto zokusebenza ezinomgangatho onjalo zinokucutshungulwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuguqula, kubandakanywa iindawo zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle ze-cylindrical, i-conical surfaces yangaphakathi nangaphandle, ubuso bokuphela, i-grooves, kunye neentambo, kunye nezinye iifom ezijikelezayo. Izixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kule nkqubo zizixhobo zokujika.
Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zomatshini wokusika isinyithi, iileyile zezona zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, zenza malunga ne-50% yenani elipheleleyo lezixhobo zomatshini. Iilathesi azinakusebenzisa kuphela izixhobo ezijikayo zokubumba izixhobo zokusebenza, kodwa zikwasebenzisa iidrill, iireamers, iitephu, kunye nezixhobo zokugoba ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokubhola, ukuphinda, ukucofa, kunye nokuguqa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zenkqubo yazo, iifom zokubeka, kunye neempawu zesakhiwo, iileyile zinokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezininzi, ezibandakanya iileyile ezithe tyaba, iileyile zomgangatho, iileyile ezithe nkqo, iileyile ze-turret, kunye neentambo zokukopa, kunye neentambo ezithe tyaba zezona zixhaphakileyo.
Imiba yokhuseleko kunye nezobugcisa
Ukujika lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo lweumatshini kushishino lwemveliso. Ibandakanya iileyile ezahlukeneyo, inani elibalulekileyo labasebenzi, uluhlu olubanzi lwesakhono soomatshini, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi kunye nokulungiswa. Ngenxa yoko, imiba yokhuseleko kunye nezobugcisa ezinxulumene nokujika zibaluleke kakhulu ukujongana. Imisebenzi ephambili yile ilandelayo:
1. Umonakalo obangelwa yi-chips kunye namanyathelo okukhusela.
Iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ezicutshungulwa kwiileyile zibonisa ukomelela okuhle. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokujika, iitshiphusi eziveliswayo ziqhelekile ukuba zenziwe ngeplastiki kwaye zigoqwe, zinemiphetho ebukhali. Xa usika iinxalenye zetsimbi ngesantya esiphezulu, i-chips ebomvu-eshushu kunye ne-elongated ingenza, ibeka ingozi yokulimala. Ezi chips zinokubanjiswa ngokulula kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza, isixhobo sokusika, kunye nesibambi sesixhobo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, iigwegwe zentsimbi kufuneka zisetyenziswe rhoqo ukucoca okanye ukuphula iitshiphusi njengoko kufuneka. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umatshini kufuneka umiswe ukucima iitshiphusi, kwaye akufanele zisuswe okanye ziphulwe ngesandla. Ukuthintela umonakalo we-chip kunye nokuphuka, amanyathelo okulawula ukuhamba kwe-chip kunye ne-baffles yokukhusela ngokuqhelekileyo iphunyezwa. Izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuqhawula i-chip ziquka ukugaya i-grooves ye-chip breaker okanye amanyathelo kwisixhobo sokuguqula, ukusebenzisa i-chip breakers ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokubethelwa ngomatshini isixhobo.
2. Ukubambelela kwizixhobo zokusebenza.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqula, iingozi ezahlukeneyo zinokuthi zenzeke ezinokuthi zonakalise isixhobo somatshini, ziphule okanye zibethe isixhobo, kwaye zibangele ukuba i-workpiece ziwe okanye ibhabhe ngaphandle, ezinokulimaza abasebenzi ngenxa yokubethelwa okungafanelekanga. Ukuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi wokuguqula, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwi-workpiece clamping.
Kwiindawo zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunye neemilo, ii-clamps ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe. Ingaba usebenzisa i-chuck yemihlathi emithathu, i-chuck yemihlathi emine, okanye i-clamp ekhethekileyo, ukudibanisa kwi-spindle kufuneka kuzinzile kwaye kuthembekile. I-workpiece kufuneka igxininiswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngokuqinileyo ukukhusela nayiphi na intshukumo.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezinkulu, umkhono unokusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ayiguquki, siwe, okanye ikhutshwe ngelixa ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu naphantsi kwamandla okusika. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-clamping inokuqiniswa ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa iziko okanye isakhelo seziko. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukususa i-wrench ngokukhawuleza emva kokubamba ukuphepha nayiphi na ingozi.
3. Ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isixhobo somatshini, kufuneka sihlolwe ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba sikwimeko entle. I-workpiece kunye nesixhobo kufuneka ziboshwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo echanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka. Umatshini kufuneka umiswe xa utshintsha izixhobo, ulayisha kwaye ukhulula i-workpiece, okanye ukulinganisa i-workpiece.
Kubalulekile ukuba ungachukumisi okanye usule i-workpiece ejikelezayo ngesandla okanye ngentambo yekotoni. Isantya sokusika, isantya sokutya, kunye nobunzulu bokusebenza kufuneka kukhethwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ukusetyenzwa komthwalo ogqithisileyo akuvumelekanga. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo, kunye nezinye izinto akufuneki zibekwe entlokweni yomatshini, kwisibambi sesixhobo, okanye kwindawo yebhedi.
Xa usebenzisa ifayile, hambisa isixhobo sokujika kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Gcina isandla sakho sasekunene ngaphambili kwaye isandla sakho sasekhohlo ngasemva ukuthintela imikhono yakho ukuba ingabanjwa. Umntu okhethiweyo kufuneka abe noxanduva lokusebenzisa kunye nokugcinwa kwesixhobo somatshini; abasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga abavumelekanga ukuba bayisebenzise.
Amanqaku
Itekhnoloji yokucubungula i-CNC lathe iyafana naleyo ye-lathe eqhelekileyo, kodwa ukusukela okoCNC latheibotshwe kube kanye kwaye igqibezela zonke iinkqubo zokujika ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo, le miba ilandelayo kufuneka iqatshelwe.
1. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweeparamitha zokusika
Ukusika isinyithi esisebenzayo, izinto ezintathu eziphambili kufuneka ziqwalaselwe: izinto ezicutshungulwayo, izixhobo zokusika, kunye neemeko zokusika. Ezi zinto zinefuthe kwixesha lokucubungula, ubomi besixhobo, kunye nomgangatho wokusetyenzwa. Indlela yoqoqosho kunye nesebenzayo yokucubungula idinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kweemeko zokusika.
Izinto ezintathu eziphambili zeemeko zokusika-isantya sokusika, izinga lokutya, kunye nokusika ubunzulu-kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umonakalo wesixhobo. Njengoko isantya sokusika sikhula, iqondo lobushushu lesixhobo liyanyuka, likhokelela kumatshini, iikhemikhali, kunye nokunxitywa kwe-thermal. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwe-20% kwisantya sokusika kunokubangela ukunciphisa ubomi besixhobo sesiqingatha.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweemeko zesondlo kunye nokunxiba kwesixhobo emva kokunxiba kwenzeka kuluhlu oluncinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izinga lokutya liphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lokusika liyenyuka, elinokuthi likhokelela ekugqokeni okubalulekileyo emva. Ngelixa ukusika ubunzulu kunempembelelo encinci kwisixhobo kunokusika isantya kunye nesantya sokutya, ukusika kubunzulu obunzulu kunokubangela ukuba izinto zenze umaleko oqinileyo, onokuchaphazela kakubi ubomi besixhobo.
Xa ukhetha isantya sokusika, abasebenzisi kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezicutshungulwayo, ukuqina kwayo, imeko yangoku yokusika, uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, izinga lokutya, kunye nobunzulu bokusika. Ezona meko zifanelekileyo zokusetyenzwa zixhomekeke kwezi zinto, kunye nemeko efanelekileyo kukunxitywa rhoqo kunye nozinzo okwandisa ubomi besixhobo.
Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, ubomi besixhobo bukwaphenjelelwa zizinto ezinje ngokunxitywa kwesixhobo, utshintsho kubungakanani bomsebenzi, umgangatho womphezulu, ingxolo yokusika, kunye nobushushu bokusebenza. Ngoko ke, iimeko zokucubungula kufuneka zihlalutywe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yangempela. Kwimathiriyeli ecela umngeni njengentsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nealloyi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, izinto zokupholisa zingasetyenziswa, okanye izixhobo ezinobungqongqo obuphuculweyo zinokukhethwa.
IKhowudi ngokubanzi
Ikhowudi yenkqubo ngokubanzi yokujika (JB/T9168.2-1998)
Ukubethelwa kwezixhobo zokujika
I-1) Ibha yesixhobo akufanele yandise kakhulu kumphathi wesixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubude akumele budlule amaxesha angama-1.5 ubude bebha yesixhobo (ngaphandle kwemingxuma ejikayo, iigrooves, njl.
2) Umgca ophakathi webha yesixhobo kufuneka ube yi-perpendicular okanye uhambelane nolwalathiso lokusika.
3) Uhlengahlengiso lobude bencam yesixhobo:
Xa ujika ubuso besiphelo, umphezulu weconical, imisonto, ukwenza umphezulu, kunye nokusika izixhobo zokusebenza eziqinileyo, inqaku lesixhobo kufuneka libe kumphakamo ofanayo kunye ne-axis yesixhobo sokusebenza.
Xa izangqa zangaphandle zijika rhabaxa kunye nokugqiba imingxunya, incam yesixhobo kufuneka ibe phezulu kune-axis yomsebenzi.
Xa ujika iishafti ezibhityileyo, imingxuma ejikajikayo erhabaxa, kunye nokusika iingceba zokusebenza, incam yesixhobo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kancinane kune-axis yesixhobo sokusebenza.
4) I-bisector ye-angle ye-tooltip yesixhobo sokuguqula intambo kufuneka ibe yi-perpendicular kwi-axis workpiece.
5) Xa udibanisa isixhobo sokuguqula, i-gasket phantsi kwe-toolbar kufuneka ibe yincinci kwaye icwecwe, kunye nezikrufu ezibambe isixhobo sokuguqula phantsi kufuneka ziqiniswe.
I-workpiece clamping
- Xa ucinezela i-workpiece ene-shaw-ye-self-centering chuck enemihlathi emithathu ejikelezayo okanye ejikelezayo, ukuba i-diameter ye-workpiece ingaphantsi kwe-30 mm, ubude be-overhang akufunekanga budlule ngokuphindwe kahlanu ububanzi. Ukuba i-diameter ye-workpiece inkulu kune-30 mm, ubude be-overhang akufanele bugqithise kathathu ububanzi.
- Xa ubamba izinto zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezinzima usebenzisa i-chuck yemihlathi emine enye-action, i-faceplate, intsimbi ye-engile, okanye ipleyiti egobileyo, kubalulekile ukongeza i-counterweight.
- Xa machiningCNC shaft machiningi-workpieces phakathi kwamaziko, qinisekisa ukuba i-axis yeziko le-tailstock ihambelana ne-axis ye-spindle ye-lathe ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo yokujika.
- Xa kusenziwa iishafu ezibhityileyo phakathi kwamaziko amabini, indawo yokuphumla yomlandeli okanye indawo yokuphumla kufuneka isetyenziswe. Ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, nikela ingqalelo ekulungiseni amandla okuqina aphezulu kwiziko kwaye uqinisekise ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo kweziko zombini kunye neziko lokuphumla.
- Xa usebenzisa isitokhwe somsila, wandise umkhono kancinci kangangoko ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela.
- Xa ubamba i-workpiece enendawo encinci yokuxhasa kunye nobude obude kwi-lathe ethe nkqo, sebenzisa umhlathi obambezelayo ophakamileyo. Ukongezelela, intonga yokubopha okanye ipleyiti yoxinzelelo kufuneka yongezwe kwindawo efanelekileyo yokukhusela i-workpiece.
- Xa ujika udidi lwevili kunye nohlobo lwemikhono kunye ne-forgings, lungelelanisa indawo engalungiswanga ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu bodonga obufanayo bomsebenzi emva kokulungiswa.
Ukujika
- Xa uguqula i-shaft stepped, ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba ujike inxalenye kunye nobukhulu obukhulu kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuqina, kulandelwa yinxalenye enobubanzi obuncinci.
- Ukuthintela i-deformation ye-workpiece, i-grooves yokusika kufuneka yenziwe ngaphambi kokuguqula i-shaft.
- Xa ujika kakuhle ishafti enemisonto, inxalenye engafakwanga imisonto kufuneka iguqulwe kancinane emva kokucubungula imisonto.
- Ngaphambi kokugaya, isiphelo sobuso bomsebenzi kufuneka siguqulwe sibe sicaba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umngxuma osembindini kufuneka ugrunjwe kuqala.
- Xa ugrumba imingxuma enzulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugrumbe umngxuma wesikhokelo kuqala.
- Kumngxuma onobubanzi phakathi kwe-10 mm kunye ne-20 mm, ububanzi besixhobo sokusika kufuneka sibe ngama-0.6 ukuya ku-0.7 amaxesha ububanzi bomngxuma oqhutyelwayo. Xa kusetyenzwa umngxuma onobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-20 mm, isixhobo sokusika esinentloko ebambezelayo kufuneka sisetyenziswe ngokubanzi.
- Xa uguqula imicu emininzi okanye iintshulube, ukunqunyulwa kwesilingo kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokulungiswa kwesixhobo sokutshintshiselana.
- Xa usebenzisa i-lathe ezenzekelayo, lungisa indawo ehambelana nesixhobo kunye nomsebenzi ngokwekhadi lokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini. Emva kokwenza uhlengahlengiso, yenza uvavanyo lokujika. Imveliso inokuqhubeka kuphela xa isiqwenga sokuqala siqinisekisiwe ukuba sifanelekile. Qhubeka ubeke iliso kwisinxibo sesixhobo kunye nobukhulu kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu we-workpiece ngexesha lokucubungula.
- Xa uvula i-lathe ethe nkqo, xa isibambi sesixhobo silungisiwe, thintela ukuhambisa i-crossbeam ngaphandle kwesizathu esifanelekileyo.
- Ukuba kukho iimfuno zokunyamezelwa kwezikhundla kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo ze-workpiece, jolise ukugqiba inkqubo yokujika kwi-clamping enye.
- Xa ujika isixhobo se-cylindrical singenanto, zombini umngxuma kunye nobuso besiphelo sereferensi kufuneka zicutshungulwe ngokubambezeleka okukodwa. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, umgca wokumakisha kufuneka ujikwe kufutshane nesangqa segiya kwisiphelo sobuso.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo
Xa iileyile eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukusika iintambo ezinkulu phantsi kwamandla abalulekileyo, isali yebhedi ngamanye amaxesha inokungcangcazela. Oku kungcangcazela kunokukhokelela kwimibhobhozo kumphezulu womatshini okanye kude kubangele ukophuka kwesixhobo. Abafundi bahlala bejongana nemiba efana nokugqobhoza izixhobo okanye ukwaphuka ngelixa besika. Ziliqela izinto ezinegalelo kwezi ngxaki. Eli phepha lixoxa ngokuyintloko ngale nto kwaye liphakamisa izisombululo ngokuhlalutya amandla asebenza kwisixhobo.
Unobangela kunye nonobangela wengxaki
Xa kusetyenzwa imicu enemingxuma emincinci, indlela yokusika eyondla ngokuthe ngqo idla ngokusetyenziswa. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusika kwicala elijongene ne-axis ye-workpiece. Kwelinye icala, kwimisonto enemicu emikhulu, indlela yokusika ekhohlo ngasekunene idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amandla okusika. Obu buchwephesha buvumela isilayidi esincinci ukuba sihambe, sivumela isixhobo sokujika umsonto ukuba sisike ngemiphetho yokusika yasekhohlo nasekunene ngokutshintshanayo.
Xa uguqula imicu, ukunyakaza kwebhedi yebhedi kulawulwa ngokujikeleza kwe-screw ekhokelayo ende, eqhuba ukunyakaza kwe-nut nut. Kukho i-axial gap ekuthwaleni kwe-screw ye-lead ende, kunye ne-axial gap phakathi kwe-screw ye-lead ende kunye ne-nut yahlula. Xa i-worm yesandla sokunene ijikeleziswa kusetyenziswa indlela yokusika ekhohlo nasekunene, isixhobo sifumana amandla (P) aqhutywe ngumsebenzi (ukungahoywa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-chip kunye ne-front cut edge, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1). La mandla (P) anokuchithwa abe yi-axial force (Px) kunye ne-radial force. I-axial force (Px) ihambelana nolwalathiso lwesondlo lwesixhobo. Isixhobo sidlulisela le mandla e-axial (Px) kwisali, ibangela ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngamandla ukuya kwicala elinesikhewu. Ngenxa yoko, isixhobo sijikeleza ngasemva naphambili, sikhokelela kumatshini owenziwe ngamazinki kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukophuka kwesixhobo.
Xa usebenzisa i-cut main edge, akukho nto ibonwayo echaphazela ukusikwa. Endaweni yoko, i-axial force \ ( P_x \) efunyenwe sisixhobo iqondiswe ngokuchasene nesalathiso sesondlo, sisebenza ukuphelisa nayiphi na i-gap ekhoyo. Ngexesha lokuInkqubo yomatshini yeCNC, isali igcina isantya esifanayo.
Ukuhamba kwesilayidi esiphakathi kwenzeka ngokujikeleza kwe-screw, eqhuba ukuhamba kwe-nut. Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-axial gap kwi-screw bearing, kunye ne-axial gap phakathi kwe-screw kunye ne-nut.
Ngelixa usika kwi-lathe, isiphelo sokusika sangaphambili sesixhobo (esine-engile yangaphambili) sifumana amandla \ ( P \) aqhutywa yi-workpiece. Ukuze kube lula, asiyi kuhoya nayiphi na ingxabano phakathi kwe-chip kunye nomphetho wokusika wangaphambili, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
Amandla \( P \) anokudityaniswa abe ngamacandelo amabini: \( P_z \) (i-axial component) kunye \( Q \) (i-radial component). I-radial component force \ ( Q \) ihambelana nesalathiso sesondlo sesixhobo sokusika, ukutyhala isixhobo kwindawo yokusebenza. Esi senzo sibangela ukuba isilayidi esiphakathi siye kwisithuba, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni isixhobo sokusika sigqobhoze ngokukhawuleza isixhobo sokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, oku kugqobhoza kunokubangela ukophuka kwesixhobo okanye ukugotywa kwesixhobo sokusebenza.
Isisombululo
Xa ujika imisonto ngeepatshi ezinkulu kwaye usebenzisa indlela yokusika isixhobo sokuboleka sasekhohlo nasekunene, kubalulekile ukulungisa kungekuphela nje iiparitha ezifanelekileyo zelathe kodwa kunye nococeko oluhambelanayo phakathi kwesali kunye nebhedi kaloliwe. Olu coceko kufuneka lubekwe luqina kancinci ukwandisa ukukhuhlana ngexesha lokunyakaza kunye nokunciphisa ithuba lokuhamba kwesali. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba olu coceko luhlengahlengiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze isali ikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle. Ukongeza, nciphisa ukucaciswa kwesilayidi esiphakathi.
Kwisilayidi esincinci, hlengahlengisa ukuqina kwayo ukuba kuqine kancinci kwakhona, okuya kunceda ukuthintela isixhobo ukuba singaguquki ngexesha lokujika. Ukuphucula uzinzo, nciphisa ubude bomsebenzi kunye nebar yesixhobo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Xa usika, sebenzisa incakuba engundoqo ekhohlo nanini na kunokwenzeka. Ukuba ukusika ngencakuba engundoqo ekunene, nciphisa inani lokusikwa ngasemva kwaye wandise i-engile yerake yencakuba eyintloko yasekunene. Qinisekisa ukuba i-blade edge iqondile kwaye ibukhali ukunciphisa amandla e-axial component force (Px) efunyanwa sisixhobo. I-engile enkulu yerakhi yeblade ephambili ephambili ikhokelela ekusebenzeni ngcono.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi okanye ukubuza, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelanainfo@anebon.com
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-17-2024