Ma'anar gama gari na machining, kar ku yi shi idan ba ku fahimta ba!

1. Benchmark
Sassan sun ƙunshi filaye da yawa, kuma kowane saman yana da ƙayyadaddun girman da buƙatun matsayi na juna.Abubuwan da ake buƙata na matsayi na dangi tsakanin sassan sassan sun haɗa da abubuwa guda biyu: daidaitattun nisa na nisa tsakanin saman da daidaitattun matsayi (kamar coaxiality, parallelism, perpendicularity da runout madauwari, da dai sauransu) bukatun.Nazarin alaƙar matsayi na dangi tsakanin sassan sassan ba za a iya rabuwa da datum ba, kuma ba za a iya ƙayyade matsayi na ɓangaren ɓangaren ba tare da cikakkun bayanai ba.A ma’anarta gabaɗaya, datum shine batu, layi, da saman kan ɓangaren da ake amfani da shi don tantance matsayin sauran maki, layi, da saman.Dangane da ayyukansu daban-daban, ana iya raba alamomi zuwa rukuni biyu: ma'auni na ƙira da ma'auni.

1. Tsarin ƙira

Datum da aka yi amfani da shi don tantance wasu maki, layi da saman kan ɓangaren zane ana kiransa datum ɗin ƙira.Don piston, datum ɗin ƙira yana nufin layin tsakiya na piston da tsakiya na ramin fil.

2. Tsarin ma'auni

Datum ɗin da sassan ke amfani da shi a cikin aikin injina da haɗuwa ana kiransa datum ɗin tsari.Dangane da amfani daban-daban, ana rarraba alamomin tsari zuwa maƙasudin sakawa, ma'auni da ma'auni na taro.

1) Sanya datum: Datum da ake amfani da shi don sanya kayan aikin ya zama daidai matsayi a cikin kayan aikin injin ko kayan aiki yayin sarrafawa ana kiransa datum mai sakawa.Bisa ga sassa daban-daban na matsayi, mafi yawan amfani da su sune nau'i biyu masu zuwa:
Tsaya ta atomatik da sakawa: kamar matsayi na jaw-jaw uku.
Sanya madaidaicin hannun riga: Ana yin kashi na sakawa zuwa hannun riga, kamar sanya farantin tasha.
Wasu sun haɗa da sanyawa a cikin firam mai siffar V, sakawa a cikin rami mai madauwari, da sauransu.

2) Auna datum: Datum da ake amfani da shi don auna girman da matsayi na saman da aka kera yayin binciken sashi ana kiransa da datum awo.

3) Assembly datum: Datum da ake amfani dashi don tantance matsayin sashi a cikin sashi ko samfur yayin taro ana kiransa datum taro.

Na biyu, hanyar shigarwa na workpiece

Don aiwatar da farfajiyar da ta dace da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun fasaha akan wani yanki na kayan aikin, aikin aikin dole ne ya kasance daidai matsayi dangane da kayan aiki akan kayan injin kafin yin injin.Ana kiran wannan tsari a matsayin "matsayi" na workpiece.Bayan an sanya kayan aikin, saboda aikin yanke ƙarfi, nauyi, da dai sauransu yayin aiki, ya kamata a yi amfani da wani tsari don "ƙulla" aikin aikin don tabbatar da matsayi ya kasance ba canzawa.Tsarin samun kayan aikin a daidai matsayi akan na'ura da clamping workpiece ana kiransa "saitin".

Ingancin shigarwa na workpiece abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin injina.Ba wai kawai kai tsaye yana shafar daidaiton mashin ɗin ba, saurin da kwanciyar hankali na shigarwa na kayan aiki, amma kuma yana rinjayar matakin yawan aiki.Don tabbatar da daidaiton matsayi na dangi tsakanin injin da aka kera da ƙirar ƙirar sa, ya kamata a shigar da kayan aikin don ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar injin ɗin ta mamaye matsayi daidai dangane da kayan aikin injin.Alal misali, a kan aiwatar da karewa zobe tsagi, domin tabbatar da bukatun da madauwari runout na kasa diamita na zobe tsagi da kuma axis na siket, da workpiece dole ne a shigar da cewa ta zane datum ya zo daidai da axis. na inji kayan aiki spindle.

Lokacin kera sassa akan kayan aikin inji iri-iri, akwai hanyoyin shigarwa iri-iri.Ana iya rarraba hanyoyin shigarwa zuwa nau'ikan guda uku: hanyar daidaitawa kai tsaye, hanyar daidaita rubutun da kuma hanyar shigarwa.

1) Hanyar daidaitawa kai tsaye Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar, ana samun madaidaicin matsayi wanda kayan aikin ya kamata ya mamaye na'urar ta hanyar jerin yunƙurin.Hanya ta musamman ita ce yin amfani da alamar bugun kira ko allurar rubutu akan farantin rubutun don gyara daidai matsayin aikin ta hanyar dubawa na gani bayan an ɗora kayan aikin kai tsaye akan kayan aikin injin, har sai ya cika buƙatun.
Matsakaicin matsayi da saurin hanyar daidaitawa kai tsaye ya dogara da daidaiton daidaituwa, hanyar daidaitawa, kayan aikin daidaitawa da matakin fasaha na ma'aikata.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa, ƙarancin aiki, kuma yana buƙatar sarrafa shi ta hanyar ƙwarewa, kuma yana buƙatar ƙwarewa mai yawa ga ma'aikata, don haka ana amfani dashi kawai a cikin nau'i-nau'i da ƙananan kayan aiki.Misali, dogaro akan kwaikwayi daidaitawar jiki hanya ce ta daidaitawa kai tsaye.

2) Hanyar daidaita rubutun Wannan hanyar ita ce yin amfani da allurar rubutu akan kayan aikin injin don daidaita aikin daidai da layin da aka zana akan samfurin mara komai ko rabin-ƙarami, ta yadda zai iya samun daidaitaccen matsayi.Babu shakka, wannan hanyar tana buƙatar ƙarin tsarin rubutu guda ɗaya.Layin da aka zana kansa yana da ƙayyadaddun nisa, kuma akwai kuskuren rubutun lokacin yin rubutu, kuma akwai kuskuren lura yayin gyara matsayin aikin.Sabili da haka, ana amfani da wannan hanya mafi yawa don ƙananan samar da batches, ƙananan daidaito mara kyau, da manyan kayan aiki.Bai dace da amfani da kayan aiki ba.a cikin m machining.Misali, an ƙayyade matsayin ramin fil na samfurin bugun jini guda biyu ta hanyar amfani da hanyar yin alama na kan fiɗa.

3) Yin amfani da hanyar shigarwa na kayan aiki: kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su don matsawa kayan aiki da kuma sanya shi zama daidai matsayi ana kiransa kayan aikin injin.Ƙaddamarwa ƙarin na'urar kayan aikin inji ne.Matsayinsa dangane da kayan aiki akan kayan aikin injin an daidaita shi a gaba kafin a shigar da kayan aikin, don haka ba lallai ba ne a daidaita matsayi ɗaya bayan ɗaya yayin sarrafa nau'ikan kayan aiki, wanda zai iya tabbatar da buƙatun fasaha na aiki.Hanya ce mai inganci wacce ke ceton aiki da matsala, kuma ana amfani da ita sosai wajen samarwa da yawa.Ayyukan fistan mu na yanzu shine hanyar shigar da kayan aiki.

①.Bayan da workpiece aka matsayi, da aiki na ajiye matsayi ba canzawa a lokacin machining tsari da ake kira clamping.Na'urar da ke cikin na'urar da ke ajiye kayan aiki a wuri ɗaya yayin sarrafawa ana kiranta na'urar clamping.

②.Ya kamata na'urar da za ta ɗaure ta cika waɗannan buƙatu: lokacin da aka ɗaure, ba za a lalata ma'aunin aikin ba;bayan clamping, matsayi na workpiece a lokacin aiki kada ya canza, kuma clamping ya zama daidai, aminci da abin dogara;clamping Ayyukan yana da sauri, aikin yana dacewa da ceton aiki;tsarin yana da sauƙi kuma ƙirar yana da sauƙi.

③.Kariya yayin dannewa: ƙarfin matsawa ya kamata ya dace.Idan ya yi girma sosai, aikin aikin zai lalace.Idan ya yi ƙanƙanta, za a yi gudun hijira a lokacin aiki kuma zai lalata matsayin aikin.

3. Ilimin asali na yanke karfe

1. Juya motsi da kafa kafa

Juya motsi: A cikin tsarin yankan, don cire wuce haddi na ƙarfe, wajibi ne don yin aikin aiki da kayan aiki don yin motsi na yankan dangi.Motsi na cire wuce haddi karfe a kan workpiece tare da juya kayan aiki a kan lathe ake kira juya motsi, wanda za a iya raba babban motsi da ciyar motsi.ba da motsa jiki.

Babban motsi: An yanke yankan Layer akan kayan aikin kai tsaye don canza shi zuwa kwakwalwan kwamfuta, ta haka ne ke haifar da motsi na sabon saman aikin, wanda ake kira babban motsi.Lokacin yankan, motsin juyawa na aikin aikin shine babban motsi.Yawancin lokaci, saurin babban motsi ya fi girma, kuma ikon yankewa ya fi girma.
Feed motsi: motsi na yin sabon sabon Layer ci gaba da saka a cikin yankan, da ciyar motsi ne motsi tare da surface na workpiece da za a kafa, wanda zai iya zama ci gaba da motsi ko intermittent motsi.Misali, motsi na kayan aikin juyawa akan lathe a kwance yana ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma motsin ciyarwar kayan aikin a kan mai tsarawa shine motsi na tsaka-tsaki.
Fuskokin da aka kafa akan kayan aikin: A lokacin yankan, ana yin gyare-gyaren injuna, kayan aikin injin, da saman da za a yi amfani da su akan kayan aikin.Ƙarshen da aka gama yana nufin sabon saman da aka cire daga wuce gona da iri.Wurin da za a yi na'ura yana nufin saman da za a yanke Layer na karfe.Wurin da aka yi amfani da shi yana nufin farfajiyar da ƙwanƙwasa yankan kayan aiki ke juyawa.
2. Abubuwa uku na yankan adadin suna magana ne akan zurfin yanke, ƙimar ciyarwa da saurin yankewa.
1) Zurfin yankan: ap = (dw-dm) / 2 (mm) dw = diamita na kayan aikin da ba a sarrafa ba dm = diamita na kayan aikin injin, zurfin yankan shine abin da muka saba kira adadin yankan.
Zaɓin zurfin yanke: Ya kamata a ƙayyade zurfin yanke αp bisa ga izinin injin.Lokacin yin roughing, ban da barin ƙyalli na gamawa, duk abin da ake ba da izini ya kamata a cire shi a cikin wucewa ɗaya gwargwadon iko.Wannan ba kawai zai iya sanya samfurin yankan zurfin ba, ƙimar ciyarwa ƒ da yankan saurin V mai girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da wani matakin karko, amma kuma yana rage adadin wucewa.Lokacin da izinin mashin ɗin ya yi yawa ko rashin ƙarfi na tsarin tsari bai isa ba ko ƙarfin ruwan ba ya isa, ya kamata a raba shi zuwa wucewa fiye da biyu.A wannan lokacin, zurfin yanke na farko ya kamata ya fi girma, wanda zai iya lissafin 2/3 zuwa 3/4 na jimlar izinin;kuma zurfin yanke na wucewa na biyu ya kamata ya zama karami, don haka za a iya samun tsarin kammalawa.Ƙimar madaidaicin ƙarami mai ƙanƙanta da daidaiton injina.
Lokacin da saman sassan yankan ya kasance simintin gyare-gyaren fata, ƙirƙira ko bakin karfe da sauran kayan sanyi mai tsanani, zurfin yanke ya kamata ya wuce taurin ko sanyi don guje wa yanke gefuna daga yankan kan tudu mai wuya ko sanyi.
2) Zaɓin adadin abinci: ƙaurawar dangi na workpiece da kayan aiki a cikin jagorar motsin abinci duk lokacin da kayan aiki ko kayan aiki ke juyawa ko maimaita sau ɗaya, naúrar shine mm.Bayan an zaɓi zurfin yankan, ya kamata a zaɓi abinci mafi girma kamar yadda zai yiwu.Zaɓin ma'auni mai ma'ana na abinci ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin injin da kayan aikin ba za su lalace ba saboda ƙarfin yankan da yawa, jujjuyawar aikin da aka yi ta hanyar yankan ba zai wuce ƙimar da aka yarda da daidaiton aikin ba, kuma ƙimar siga mai ƙima ba za ta yi girma da yawa ba.Lokacin roughing, babban iyaka na ciyarwa shine yanke ƙarfi, kuma a cikin kammalawa da ƙarewa, babban iyakar ciyarwa shine rashin ƙarfi.
3) Zaɓin saurin yankewa: Lokacin yankewa, saurin gaggawa na wani wuri a kan yankan kayan aiki dangane da farfajiyar da za a yi amfani da shi a cikin babban motsi na motsi, sashin shine m / min.Lokacin da aka zaɓi zurfin yanke αp da ƙimar abinci ƒ, an zaɓi matsakaicin saurin yankewa akan waɗannan tushe, kuma jagorar ci gaba na yankan yankan shine yanke mai sauri.sashin hatimi

Na hudu, manufar injina na roughness
A cikin injiniyoyi, taurin kai yana nufin ƙayyadaddun abubuwa masu kama-da-wane da ke ƙunshe da ƙananan tazara da kololuwa da kwaruruka akan saman da aka kera.Yana daya daga cikin matsalolin bincike na musanyawa.Ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin gabaɗaya yana samuwa ne ta hanyar sarrafa kayan aiki da sauran dalilai, irin su jujjuyawar da ke tsakanin kayan aiki da saman ɓangaren yayin sarrafawa, nakasar filastik na ƙarfen saman lokacin da guntuwar ya rabu, da kuma girgiza mai ƙarfi a cikin. tsarin tsari.Saboda daban-daban hanyoyin sarrafawa da workpiece kayan, zurfin, yawa, siffar da rubutu na alamomin bar a kan machined surface ne daban-daban.Ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka dace, juriya na juriya, ƙarfin gajiya, ƙarfin lamba, girgizawa da amo na sassa na inji, kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan rayuwar sabis da amincin samfuran injina.aluminum simintin kashi
Wakilci mai kauri
Bayan an sarrafa saman sashin, ya yi kama da santsi, amma ba ya daidaita bayan girma.Taushin sararin sama yana nufin sifofin micro-geometric da suka ƙunshi ƙananan tazara da ƙananan kololuwa da kwaruruka a saman ɓangaren da aka sarrafa, waɗanda gabaɗaya ke samuwa ta hanyar sarrafawa da (ko) wasu dalilai.Ayyukan farfajiyar sashin ya bambanta, kuma ƙimar ma'aunin ma'aunin da ake buƙata shima ya bambanta.Ya kamata a yi alama lambar ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi (alama) a kan ɓangaren zane don kwatanta halayen saman da dole ne a samu bayan an kammala saman.Akwai nau'ikan ma'auni guda uku na ma'aunin tsayin daka:
1. Contour lissafin ma'anar karkata Ra
Ma'anar lissafin ma'anar cikakkiyar ƙimar nisa tsakanin maki akan layin kwane-kwane a cikin jagorar auna (Y) da layin tunani a cikin tsayin samfurin.
2. Tsawon maki goma Rz na rashin daidaituwa na microscopic
Yana nufin jimlar matsakaita na 5 mafi girman tsayin bayanan martaba da mafi girman zurfin kwarin bayanin martaba guda 5 a cikin tsayin samfurin.
3. Matsakaicin tsayin kwandon Ry
Nisa tsakanin layin mafi girman tsayi da layin mafi ƙasƙanci na kwarin bayanin martaba a cikin tsayin samfurin.
A halin yanzu, Ra.galibi ana amfani da shi a masana'antar kera injina gabaɗaya.
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4. Hanyar Wakilci Mai Kauri
5. Sakamakon rashin ƙarfi akan aikin sassa
The surface ingancin workpiece bayan aiki kai tsaye rinjayar da jiki, sinadaran da kuma inji Properties na workpiece.Ayyukan aiki, amintacce da rayuwar samfurin sun dogara da yawa akan ingancin saman manyan sassa.Gabaɗaya magana, abubuwan da ake buƙata na ingancin saman abubuwa masu mahimmanci ko mahimmanci sun fi sauran sassa na yau da kullun, saboda sassan da ke da ingancin saman za su inganta juriyar lalacewa, juriyar lalata da juriya ga gajiya.cnc machining aluminum part
6. Yanke ruwa
1) Matsayin yanke ruwa
Tasirin sanyaya: Zafin yankan na iya ɗaukar babban adadin yankan zafi, inganta yanayin ɓarkewar zafi, rage yawan zafin jiki na kayan aiki da kayan aiki, ta haka yana tsawaita rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki da hana kuskuren girman aikin aikin da ya haifar da shi. thermal nakasawa.
Lubrication: Ruwan yankan na iya shiga tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki, don haka an samar da fim ɗin tallan tallan a cikin ƙaramin rata tsakanin guntu da kayan aiki, wanda ke rage ƙimar juzu'i, don haka zai iya rage juzu'i tsakanin kayan aikin. guntu da kayan aiki, don rage ƙarfin yankewa da yankan zafi, rage lalacewa na kayan aiki da haɓaka ingancin kayan aikin.Don kammalawa, lubrication yana da mahimmanci.
Tasirin tsaftacewa: ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka haifar a lokacin aikin tsaftacewa suna da sauƙi don manne wa kayan aiki da kayan aiki, musamman ma lokacin hako ramuka masu zurfi da ramukan ramuka, ana iya toshe kwakwalwan kwamfuta a cikin guntu sarewa, wanda ke shafar yanayin roughness na workpiece. rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki..Yin amfani da yankan ruwa na iya saurin wanke guntuwar, ta yadda za a iya aiwatar da yankan cikin sauƙi.
2) Nau'i: Akwai nau'ikan yankan ruwa iri biyu da ake amfani da su
Emulsion: Yafi taka rawar sanyaya.Ana yin emulsion ta hanyar diluting da emulsified man da 15 ~ 20 sau na ruwa.Irin wannan ruwan yankan yana da ƙayyadaddun zafi na musamman, ƙarancin danko da ruwa mai kyau, kuma yana iya ɗaukar zafi mai yawa.Ana amfani da yankan ruwa galibi don kwantar da kayan aiki da kayan aiki, inganta rayuwar kayan aiki da rage nakasar thermal.Emulsion ya ƙunshi ƙarin ruwa, kuma aikin lubrication da rigakafin tsatsa ba su da kyau.
Yankan mai: Babban bangaren yankan man shi ne man ma’adinai.Irin wannan ruwan yankan yana da ƙananan ƙayyadaddun zafi, babban danko da rashin ruwa mara kyau.Ya fi taka rawar mai.Ana amfani da man ma'adinai masu ƙarancin ɗanɗano, kamar man mota, man dizal mai haske, Kerosene da sauransu.