Ke kila kila oNā ʻāpana Mīkini CNCʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kila maʻamau i ka hana mea kani.ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻike kila kila e kōkua maikaʻi i nā mea hoʻohana i ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kani.
ʻO ke kila kila ka pōkole o ke kila kila a me ke kila kūpaʻa waika.ʻO ke kila i kū ʻole i nā media corrosion nāwaliwali e like me ka ea, ka mahu a me ka wai a i ʻole ka waiwai kuhili ʻole i kapa ʻia he kila kila;Ua kapa ʻia ke kila kūʻē i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika (acid, alkali, paʻakai a me nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻē aʻe).
Pili ke kila kila i ke kila i kū ʻole i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe nāwaliwali e like me ka ea, ka mahu a me ka wai a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika e like me ka waikawa, ka alkali a me ka paʻakai, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke kila kūpaʻa kūpaʻa.Ma nā hoʻohana pono, kapa pinepine ʻia ke kila kūpaʻa i ke ʻano corrosion nāwaliwali, ʻoiai ʻo ke kila kūpaʻa i ke ʻano kemika ua kapa ʻia ke kila kūpaʻa wai.Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ʻana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, ʻaʻole kū pono ka mea mua i ka corrosion medium, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea maʻamau he stainless.ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino o ke kila kila ma muli o nā mea hoʻohui i loko o ke kila.
Hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau
Ma keʻano laulā, ua māheleʻia i:
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, e like me ka hoʻolālā metallographic, ua māhele ʻia nā kila kulika maʻamau i ʻekolu mau ʻano: nā kila kulika austenitic, nā kila kulika ferritic a me nā kila kila martensitic.Ma ke kumu o kēia mau hale hana metallographic maʻamau, ua loaʻa mai ke kila ʻelua ʻāpana, ke kila paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka ua a me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻiʻo hao ma lalo o 50% i loaʻa no nā pono a me nā kumu.
1. Austenitic kila kila.
ʻO ka matrix ka nui o ka austenitic structure (CY phase) me ka helehelena cubic crystal structure, he nonmagnetic, a ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia (a hiki ke alakaʻi i kekahi magnetism) e ka hana anu.Hōʻike ʻia ka American Iron and Steel Institute e nā helu 200 a me 300, e like me 304.
2. Ferritic kuhiliʻole kila.
ʻO ka matrix ka nui o ka ferrite structure (phase a) me ke kino cubic crystal structure, he magnetic, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia e ka mālama wela, akā hiki ke hoʻoikaika iki ʻia e ka hana anu.Ua hōʻailona ʻia ka American Iron and Steel Institute 430 a me 446.
3. Ke kila kuhiliʻole Martensitic.
ʻO ka matrix he ʻano martensitic (kubiki i waena o ke kino a i ʻole cubic), magnetic, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia kona mau waiwai me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela.Hōʻike ʻia ka American Iron and Steel Institute e nā helu 410, 420, a me 440. He ʻano austenitic ʻo Martensite i ka wela kiʻekiʻe.Ke hoʻolili ʻia i ka lumi wela ma kahi kūpono kūpono, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano austenitic i martensite (ʻo ia hoʻi, paʻakikī).
4. Austenitic ferritic (duplex) kila kuhiliʻole.
Loaʻa i ka matrix nā ʻāpana ʻelua austenite a me ka ferrite, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka matrix matrix ma mua o 15%, he magnetic a hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka hana anu.ʻO 329 kahi kila kuhiliʻole duplex maʻamau.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me austenitic stainless steel, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kila ʻelua ʻāpana, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kona kūʻē ʻana i ka corrosion intergranular, chloride stress corrosion a me pitting corrosion.
5. Hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī ka ua.
ʻO ke kila kila nona ka matrix he austenitic a martensitic a hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia e ka lāʻau paʻakikī o ka ua.Hōʻailona ʻia ka American Iron and Steel Institute me nā helu moʻo 600, e like me 630, ʻo ia hoʻi 17-4PH.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, koe wale nō ka mea hao, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila kila austenitic.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila Ferritic i ke kaiapuni me ka corrosion haʻahaʻa.I loko o ke kaiapuni me ka ʻinoʻino, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila martensitic a me ke kila paʻakikī paʻakikī inā makemake ʻia ka mea i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka paʻakikī.
Nā ʻano a me ke kumu
ʻenehana ʻili
ʻokoʻa mānoanoa
1. No ka mea, i loko o ke kaʻina olokaʻa o ka mīkini mea kanu kila, ua hoʻololi iki ka ʻōwili ma muli o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, e hopena i ka ʻae ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā i ʻōwili ʻia.ʻO ka maʻamau, lahilahi ka mānoanoa waena ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.Ke ana ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā, e ana ʻia ka ʻāpana waena o ke poʻo pā e like me nā lula aupuni.
2. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻomanawanui nui a me ka hoʻomanawanui liʻiliʻi e like me ka makemake o ka mākeke a me ka mea kūʻai aku:
ʻo kahi laʻana
Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā māka kila kila a me nā waiwai o nā mea kani
1. 304 kila kila.ʻO ia kekahi o nā kila kila austenitic i hoʻohana nui ʻia me ka nui o nā noi.He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kiʻi hohonu, nā paipu hoʻoili waika, nā moku, nā ʻāpana hana, nā kino mea kani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea hana ʻole a me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
2. 304L kila kila.ʻO ka ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel i hoʻomohala ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ke koʻikoʻi intergranular corrosion tendency o 304 stainless steel i hoʻokumu ʻia e Cr23C6 precipitation ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kūpaʻa intergranular corrosion ma mua o 304 stainless steel.Ma waho o ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, ua like nā waiwai ʻē aʻe me 321 stainless steel.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā lako pale corrosion a me nā ʻāpana e pono ai ka wili akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kino mea kani.
3. 304H kila kuhiliʻole.No ka lālā o loko o ka 304 stainless steel, ʻo ka hapa nui carbon he 0.04% - 0.10%, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana wela ma mua o 304 stainless steel.
4. 316 kila kila.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka molybdenum ma ke kumu o ke kila 10Cr18Ni12 e hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ai ke kila i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka medium a me ka pitting corrosion.I loko o ka wai kai a me nā media ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion ma mua o 304 stainless steel, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka pitting corrosion resistant material.
5. 316L kila kila.ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka sensitized intergranular corrosion, kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana wiliwili ʻāpana mānoanoa a me nā lako, e like me nā mea anti-corrosion i nā lako petrochemical.
6. 316H kila kuhiliʻole.No ka lālā kūloko o 316 stainless steel, ʻo ka hakina carbon mass he 0.04% - 0.10%, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana wela ma mua o ka 316 stainless steel.
7. 317 kila kila.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka creep ma mua o 316L stainless steel.Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana petrochemical a me nā mea hoʻonaninani kūlohelohe.
8. 321 kila kila.Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kila kila austenitic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Titanium e ka ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel ma muli o kona hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa intergranular corrosion a me nā waiwai mechanical wela kiʻekiʻe.Ma waho aʻe o nā hanana kūikawā e like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole hydrogen corrosion resistance, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana.
9. 347 kila kila.ʻO Niobium i hoʻopaʻa i ke kila kuhiliʻole austenitic.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka niobium e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion intergranular.ʻO kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion i loko o ka waika, alkali, paʻakai a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe corrosive e like me 321 stainless steel.Me ka hana kuʻi ʻana maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea ʻelua a me ke kila pale wela.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mana wela a me nā māla petrochemical, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā moku, nā paipu, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā shafts, nā puʻupuʻu umu i nā umu ʻoihana, a me nā thermometers umu.
10. 904L kila kila.ʻO ke kila kila austenitic piha loa he kila kila austenitic super i haku ʻia e OUTOKUMPU Company o Finland.He 24% - 26% kona hakina nickel, a emi iho ka hakina kalapona ma lalo o 0.02%.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi i nā ʻakika non oxidizing e like me ka sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid a me ka phosphoric acid, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka crevice corrosion a me ka corrosion stress.Ua pili ia i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka sulfuric acid ma lalo o 70 ℃, a maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion i ka acetic acid o kēlā me kēia ʻano a me ka mahana ma lalo o ke kaomi maʻamau a me ka waika hui ʻia o ka waikawa formic a me ka waikawa acetic.ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ASMESB-625 i hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ma ke ʻano he nickel base alloy, a ʻo ka maʻamau hou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia he kila kila.Ma Kina, aia wale nō kahi hōʻailona like o 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 kila.Hoʻohana kekahi mau mea hana ʻEulopa i ka 904L stainless steel ma ke ʻano he mea nui.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ka paipu ana o E+H mass flowmeter i ke kila kila 904L, a ʻo ka hihia o nā wati Rolex hoʻohana pū i ka 904L stainless steel.
11. 440C kila kila.ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka martensitic stainless steel, hardenable stainless steel a me ke kila kila ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, a ʻo ka paʻakikī ʻo HRC57.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā nozzles, bearings, valve cores, valve seats, sleeves, valve stems, etc.
12. 17-4PH kila kuhiliʻole.ʻO Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, me ka paʻakikī o HRC44, he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mahana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 ℃.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi i ka lewa a me ka waikawa diluted a i ʻole ka paʻakai.ʻO kona kūpaʻa corrosion e like me 304 stainless steel a me 430 stainless steel.Hoʻohana ʻia e hanaNā ʻāpana Mīkini CNC, nā ʻūhā turbine, nā pahu pahu, nā noho kiwi, nā lima lima, nā ʻōpala valve, etc.
I ka ʻoihana mea kani, i hui pū ʻia me nā pilikia ākea a me nā kumu kūʻai, ʻo ke kauoha koho maʻamau o ke kila kila austenitic ʻo 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L ke kila kila, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ka 317, 321 ʻaʻole. ʻōlelo ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 347 no ke kūpaʻa corrosion kiʻekiʻe, ʻo 904L ka mea paʻamau no kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā mea hana pilikino, a ʻaʻole i koho ikaika ʻia ʻo 904L i ka hoʻolālā.
I ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea kani, aia nā manawa maʻamau kahi ʻokoʻa o ka mea mea kani mai ka mea paipu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūlana hana wela, pono e uku ʻia i ke koho ʻana o ka mea kani i ka mahana hoʻolālā a me ke kaomi hoʻolālā. mea hana a paipu paha.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka paipu he kila chromium molybdenum kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea kani he kila kila.I kēia hihia, hiki mai nā pilikia, a pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke ana wela a me ke kaomi o nā mea pili.
I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻolālā mea kani a me ke koho ʻano, ʻike pinepine mākou i ke kila kila o nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole, series a me nā hōʻailona.I ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano, pono mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā pilikia mai nā hiʻohiʻona he nui e like me ke kaʻina hana kūikawā, ka mahana, ke kaomi, nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, ka ʻino a me ke kumukūʻai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-17-2022