Kodi mukudziwa kuti Tolerance of Form and Position ndi chiyani?
Kulekerera kwa geometric kumatanthauza kusintha kovomerezeka kwa mawonekedwe enieni ndi malo enieni a gawolo kuchokera ku mawonekedwe abwino ndi malo abwino.
Kulekerera kwa geometric kumaphatikizapo kulolerana kwa mawonekedwe ndi kulolerana kwa malo.Gawo lililonse limapangidwa ndi mfundo, mizere, ndi malo, ndipo mfundo izi, mizere, ndi malo amatchedwa zinthu.Zinthu zenizeni za magawo opangidwa ndi makina nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi zolakwika zokhudzana ndi zinthu zabwino, kuphatikizapo zolakwika za mawonekedwe ndi zolakwika za malo.Cholakwika chamtunduwu chimakhudza ntchito ya zinthu zamakina, ndipo kulolerana kofananira kuyenera kufotokozedwa pakupanga ndikulemba pachojambula molingana ndi zizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwa.Cha m'ma 1950, mayiko otukuka anali ndi mawonekedwe komanso kulolerana.Bungwe la International Organization for Standardization (ISO) linafalitsa muyezo wa kulekerera kwa geometric mu 1969, ndipo linalimbikitsa mfundo ndi njira yodziwira kulekerera kwa geometric ndi njira mu 1978. China idalengeza za mawonekedwe ndi malo olekerera mu 1980, kuphatikizapo malamulo oyesera.Kulekerera kwa mawonekedwe ndi kulolerana kwa malo kumatchedwa kulolerana kwa mawonekedwe mwachidule.
The kukonzedwa mbali osati tolerances dimensional, komanso mosapeŵeka kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe enieni kapena malo onse awiri mfundo, mizere ndi pamalo amene amapanga mawonekedwe a geometric mbali ndi mawonekedwe ndi kugawana udindo wotchulidwa ndi abwino geometry.Kusiyana kumeneku mu mawonekedwe ndiko kulolerana kwa mawonekedwe , ndipo kusiyana kwa malo ogwirizana ndi kulekerera kwa malo, komwe kumatchedwa kulolerana kwa mawonekedwe ndi udindo.
Tikamalankhula za "Kulekerera Mawonekedwe ndi Udindo", ndi ukatswiri wazongopeka komanso wothandiza, mumadziwa bwanji za izi?Pakupanga, ngati sitikumvetsetsa kulolerana kwa geometric komwe kumalembedwa pachojambula, kumapangitsa kuti kusanthula kwa kukonza ndi kukonzanso kusokonezedwe ndi zofunikira, komanso kubweretsa zotsatirapo zazikulu.
Lero, tiyeni timvetsetse mwadongosolo mawonekedwe 14 ndi kulolerana kwa malo.
14 Zizindikiro Zogwirizana Padziko Lonse za Geometric Tolerance.
01 Kuwongoka
Kuwongoka, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kuwongoka, kumasonyeza chikhalidwe chakuti mawonekedwe enieni a zinthu zowongoka pa gawolo amasunga mzere wowongoka.Kulekerera kowongoka ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa ndi mzere weniweni kupita ku mzere woyenera.
Chitsanzo 1: Mu ndege yoperekedwa, malo olekerera ayenera kukhala malo pakati pa mizere iwiri yofanana yowongoka ndi mtunda wa 0.1mm.
02 Kukhazikika
Flatness, yomwe imadziwika kuti flatness, imasonyeza mawonekedwe enieni a zinthu za ndege za gawolo, kusunga chikhalidwe choyenera cha ndege.Kulekerera kwa flatness ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa ndi malo enieni kuchokera ku ndege yabwino.
Chitsanzo: Malo olekerera ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa ndege ziwiri zofanana pamtunda wa 0.08mm.
03 Zozungulira
Kuzungulira, komwe kumadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira, kumawonetsa momwe mawonekedwe enieni a chinthu chozungulira pagawo amakhalabe ofanana kuchokera pakati pake.Kulekerera kozungulira ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa ndi bwalo lenileni ku bwalo loyenera pa gawo lomwelo.
Chitsanzo:Malo olekerera ayenera kukhala pagawo lomwelo, dera lomwe lili pakati pa mabwalo awiri ozungulira omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwa utali wa 0.03mm.
04 Cylindricity
Cylindricity imatanthawuza kuti mfundo iliyonse yomwe ili pamtunda wa cylindrical pamwamba pa gawolo imasungidwa molingana ndi olamulira ake.Kulekerera kwa cylindricity ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa ndi malo enieni a cylindrical kupita kumalo abwino a cylindrical.
Chitsanzo:Malo olekerera ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa malo awiri a coaxial cylindrical okhala ndi kusiyana kwa radius 0.1 mm.
05 mzere mbiri
Mzere wa mzere ndi chikhalidwe chakuti chopindika cha mawonekedwe aliwonse chimasunga mawonekedwe ake abwino pa ndege yoperekedwa ya gawo.Kulekerera kwa mbiri ya mizere kumatanthauza kusinthika kovomerezeka kwa mzere weniweni wa mizere yokhotakhota yomwe si yozungulira.
06 mawonekedwe apamwamba
Mbiri yapamtunda ndi momwe gawo lililonse pagawo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino.Kulolerana kwa mbiri yapamtunda kumatanthauza kusinthika kovomerezeka kwa mzere weniweni wa mizere yozungulira pamalo owoneka bwino.
Chitsanzo: The kulolerana zone ndi pakati pa envulopu awiri envelopu angapo mipira ndi awiri a 0.02mm.Pakatikati pa mipira iyenera kukhala pamwamba pa mawonekedwe olondola a geometric.
07 Kufanana
Parallelism, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa digiri ya kufanana, imasonyeza momwe zinthu zenizeni zomwe zimayesedwa pa gawolo zimasungidwa mofanana ndi datum.Parallelism tolerance ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu kovomerezeka pakati pa komwe kumayesedwa ndi komwe kumayenderana ndi datum.
Chitsanzo: Ngati chizindikiro Φ chiwonjezedwa patsogolo pa mtengo wololera, malo olekerera ali mkati mwa cylindrical pamwamba ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha Φ0.03mm.
08 Kukhazikika
Perpendicularity, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa digiri ya orthogonality pakati pa zinthu ziwiri, imatanthawuza kuti chinthu choyezedwa pagawocho chimakhala ndi ngodya yolondola ya 90 ° pokhudzana ndi zomwe zimatchulidwa.Perpendicularity tolerance ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa pakati pa komwe kumayesedwa ndi komwe kumayenderana ndi datum.
09 pawo
Kutsetsereka ndi mkhalidwe wolondola wa ngodya ina iliyonse pakati pa kalozera wa mbali ziwiri pagawo.Kulekerera kotsetsereka ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa pakati pa kalozera weniweni wa chinthu choyezedwa ndi kalozera woyenera pa ngodya iliyonse ku datum.
Chitsanzo :Malo olekerera axis yoyezedwa ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa ndege ziwiri zofananira zokhala ndi mtengo wololera wa 0.08mm ndi ngodya yongoyerekeza ya 60 ° ndi ndege ya datum A.
10 malo madigiri
Digiri yaudindo imatanthawuza kulondola kwa mfundo, mizere, malo ndi zinthu zina pamakonda cnc mphero gawozokhudzana ndi malo awo abwino.Kulekerera kwamalo ndiko kusinthasintha kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa malo enieni a chinthu choyezedwa chokhudzana ndi malo abwino.
Madigiri 11 a coaxial (concentric).
Coaxiality, yomwe imadziwika kuti digiri ya coaxiality, imatanthawuza kuti nsonga yoyezera pagawolo imasungidwa pamzere wowongoka womwewo wokhudzana ndi nsonga yolozera.Kulekerera kwa concentricity ndiko kusiyanasiyana kovomerezeka kwa axis yeniyeni yoyezedwa mogwirizana ndi axis yolozera.
12 Symmetry
Mlingo wa symmetry umatanthauza kuti zigawo ziwiri zapakati pa mbalizo zimasungidwa mu ndege imodzi yapakati.Kulekerera kwa symmetry ndiko kuchuluka kwa kusiyanasiyana komwe kumaloledwa ndi ndege yapakati ya symmetry (kapena mzere wapakati, olamulira) wa chinthu chenichenicho kupita ku ndege yoyenera yofananira.
Chitsanzo:Malo olekerera ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa ndege ziwiri zofananira kapena mizere yowongoka yokhala ndi mtunda wa 0.08mm ndipo amakonzedwa molingana ndi ndege yapakati kapena mzere wapakati.
13 kuzungulira kumenya
Kuthamanga kozungulira ndi mkhalidwe womwe pamwamba pa revolution pa azigawo za aluminiyamu cncimasunga malo okhazikika ogwirizana ndi datum axis mkati mwa ndege yodziwika bwino.Kulekerera kozungulira kothamanga ndiko kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa mkati mwa miyeso yocheperako pamene chinthu chenichenicho choyezedwa chimazungulira mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira popanda kusuntha kwa axial.
Chitsanzo: Malo olekerera ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa mabwalo awiri ozungulira omwe ali ofanana ndi ndege iliyonse yoyezera, yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwa utali wa 0.1mm ndipo malo ake ali pamtunda womwewo wa datum.
14 kumenyedwa kwathunthu
Kuthamanga kwathunthu kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa madzi othamanga pamtunda wonse woyezedwa pamenezitsulo zopangidwa ndi makinaimazunguliridwa mosalekeza mozungulira mozungulira.Kulekerera kwathunthu kwa runout ndiko kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa pamene chinthu chenichenicho choyezedwa chimayenda mosalekeza mozungulira datum axis pomwe chizindikirocho chikuyenda molingana ndi kolowera kwake koyenera.
Chitsanzo: Malo olekerera ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa malo awiri a cylindrical omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwa utali wa 0.1 mm ndi coaxial ndi datum.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-03-2023