Uyazi ukuthi kuyini Ukubekezelela Ifomu Nesikhundla?
Ukubekezelelana kwejiyomethri kubhekisela ekushintsheni okuvumelekile kwesimo sangempela kanye nendawo yangempela yengxenye ukusuka ekumeni okuhle kanye nendawo ekahle.
Ukubekezelelana kweJiyomethri kufaka ukubekezelelana komumo nokubekezelela isikhundla.Noma iyiphi ingxenye yakhiwe amaphuzu, imigqa, nezindawo, futhi la maphuzu, imigqa, nezindawo kuthiwa yizici.Izakhi zangempela zezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini zihlala zinamaphutha ngokuhlobene nezinto ezifanele, okuhlanganisa amaphutha omumo namaphutha ezindawo.Lolu hlobo lwephutha luthinta umsebenzi wemikhiqizo yemishini, futhi ukubekezelelana okuhambisanayo kufanele kucaciswe ngesikhathi sokuklanywa futhi kumakwe emdwebeni ngokuya ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezishiwo.Ngawo-1950s, amazwe athuthukile anesimo kanye nezindinganiso zokubekezelela isikhundla.I-International Organization for Standardization (ISO) yashicilela indinganiso yokubekezelela ijiyomethri ngo-1969, futhi yatusa isimiso sokuthola ukubekezelelana kwejiyomethri kanye nendlela ngo-1978. I-China yamemezela amazinga okubekezelela isimo ngo-1980, okuhlanganisa nemithetho yokuhlola.Ukubekezelelana komumo nokubekezelelana kwesikhundla kubizwa ngokuthi ukubekezelela umumo ngamafuphi.
Izingxenye ezicutshunguliwe azinakho nje ukubekezelelana kwe-dimensional, kodwa futhi ngokungenakugwenywa zinomehluko phakathi kokuma kwangempela noma ukuma okufanayo kwamaphuzu, imigqa nezindawo ezakha izici zejometri zengxenye kanye nokuma kanye nokuma okufanayo okucaciswe yijometri efanelekile.Lo mehluko ekubunjweni ukubekezelelana komumo , futhi umehluko ekumeni okufanayo ukubekezelelana kwesikhundla, okubizwa ngokuthi ukubekezelelana kwefomu nesikhundla.
Uma sikhuluma "Ukubekezelela Ifomu Nesikhundla", kuwubungcweti bethiyori nobusebenzayo, kungakanani okwaziyo ngakho?Ekukhiqizeni, uma singakuqondi kahle ukubekezelelana kwejiyomethri okumakwe emdwebeni, kuzobangela ukuhlaziya ukucubungula kanye nemiphumela yokucubungula ukuthi iphambuke ezidingweni, futhi ize ilethe nemiphumela emibi.
Namuhla, ake siqonde ngokuhlelekile ukuma kwe-14 nokubekezelelana kwezikhundla.
14 Izimpawu Zokubekezelela Zejiyomethri Ezihlangene Ngamazwe Ngamazwe.
01 Ukuqondisa
Ukuqondisa, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuqondisa, kubonisa isimo sokuthi umumo wangempela wezakhi zomugqa oqondile engxenyeni igcina umugqa oqondile ofanelekile.Ukubekezelelana kokuqondisa kuwukuhlukahluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe umugqa wangempela ukuya kumugqa ofanelekile.
Isibonelo 1: Endizeni enikeziwe, indawo yokubekezelela kufanele ibe indawo ephakathi kwemigqa emibili eqondile ehambisanayo enebanga elingu-0.1mm.
02 Ukucaba
Ukucaba, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ukucaba, kubonisa ukuma kwangempela kwezakhi zendiza zengxenye, okugcina isimo esihle sendiza.Ukubekezelela flatness ukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe indawo yangempela evela endizeni efanelekile.
Isibonelo: Indawo yokubekezelela indawo ephakathi kwezindiza ezimbili ezifanayo ebangeni elingu-0.08mm.
03 Ukujikeleza
Ukuyindilinga, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinga lokuyindilinga, kubonisa isimo sokuthi umumo wangempela wesici esiyindilinga engxenyeni ethile uhlala ulingana nendawo yawo.Ukubekezelela okuyindilinga ukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe yindilinga yangempela kumbuthano ofanelekile esigabeni esifanayo.
Isibonelo:Indawo yokubekezelela kufanele ibe sengxenyeni efanayo evamile, indawo ephakathi kwemibuthano egxilile emibili enomehluko we-radius ongu-0.03mm.
04 I-cylindricity
I-Cylindricity isho ukuthi iphoyinti ngalinye ku-contour ye-cylindrical surface engxenyeni ligcinwa lilingana ne-eksisi yalo.Ukubekezelelana kwe-cylindricity ukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe indawo yangempela ye-cylindrical kuya endaweni ekahle ye-cylindrical.
Isibonelo:Indawo yokubekezelela indawo ephakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziyi-coaxial cylindrical ezinomehluko we-radius ongu-0.1 mm.
05 iphrofayili yomugqa
Iphrofayela yomugqa yisimo sokuthi ijika lanoma yimuphi umumo ligcina umumo walo olungile endizeni ethile yengxenye.Ukubekezelela iphrofayela yomugqa kubhekisela ekuhlukeni okuvumelekile komugqa wangempela wekhonta wejika elingelona eliyindilinga.
06 iphrofayili yendawo
Iphrofayili engaphezulu yisimo sokuthi noma iyiphi indawo engxenyeni igcina isimo sayo esihle.Ukubekezelela iphrofayili yobuso kubhekisela ekuhlukeni okuvumelekile komugqa wekhonta wangempela wendawo engeyona eyindilinga endaweni yephrofayela efanelekile.
Isibonelo: Indawo yokubekezelelana iphakathi kwezimvilophu ezimbili ezimboza uchungechunge lwamabhola anobubanzi obungu-0.02mm.Izikhungo zamabhola kufanele ngokwethiyori zibe phezu komumo wejiyomethri olungile ngokwethiyori.
07 Ukufana
Ukufana, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinga lokufana, kubonisa isimo sokuthi izakhi zangempela ezilinganisiwe engxenyeni zigcinwa zilingana nedatha.Ukubekezelela ukufana ukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe phakathi kokuqondiswa kwangempela kwesici esilinganisiwe kanye nendawo efanelekile ehambisana nedatha.
Isibonelo: Uma uphawu Φ lwengezwa ngaphambi kwevelu yokubekezelelana, indawo yokubekezelela ingaphakathi kwendawo eyisilinda enobubanzi obuyireferensi obuyireferensi obungu-Φ0.03mm.
08 Ukuqina
I-Perpendicularity, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinga le-orthogonality phakathi kwama-elementi amabili, isho ukuthi i-elementi elinganisiwe engxenyeni igcina i-engeli engu-90° elungile ngokuphathelene nento eyireferensi.Ukubekezelela i-Perpendicularity ukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe phakathi kwesiqondisindlela sangempela sesici esilinganisiwe kanye nesiqondiso esifanelekile esincike kudathamu.
09 umfula
I-Slope yisimo esilungile sanoma iyiphi i-engeli enikeziwe phakathi kokuma okuhlobene kwezici ezimbili engxenyeni.Ukubekezelelwa komthambeka ukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe phakathi kokuma kwesici esilinganisiwe nokuma okuhle kunoma iyiphi i-engeli yedatha.
Isibonelo :Indawo yokubekezelela ye-eksisi elinganisiwe indawo ephakathi kwezindiza ezimbili ezifanayo ezinenani lokubekezelela elingu-0.08mm kanye ne-engeli yethiyori engu-60° ngendiza yedatha A.
10 isikhundla degrees
Idigri yesikhundla isho isimo esinembile samaphoyinti, imigqa, izindawo ezingaphezulu nezinye izakhi ku-ingxenye yokugaya ye-cnc yangokwezifisongokuphathelene nezikhundla zabo ezikahle.Ukubekezelela indawo ukuhlukahluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kwendawo yangempela yento elinganisiwe ngokuhlobene nendawo ekahle.
11 amadigri ama-coaxial (okumaphakathi).
I-Coaxiality, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-degree of coaxiality, isho ukuthi i-eksisi elinganisiwe engxenyeni igcinwa emugqeni ofanayo oqondile ngokuhlobene ne-eksisi yesithenjwa.Ukubekezelela ukugxila kuwukuhluka okuvumelekile kwe-eksisi yangempela elinganisiwe ngokuhlobene ne-axis yesithenjwa.
12 I-Symmetry
Izinga le-symmetry lisho ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili ezimaphakathi ezilinganayo engxenyeni zigcinwa endizeni eyodwa emaphakathi.Ukubekezelela i-symmetry inani lokuhlukahluka elivunyelwe indiza emaphakathi ye-symmetry (noma umugqa omaphakathi, i-eksisi) yesici sangempela endizeni yokulinganisa efanelekile.
Isibonelo:Indawo yokubekezelela indawo ephakathi kwezindiza ezimbili ezihambisanayo noma imigqa eqondile enebanga elingu-0.08mm futhi ihlelwe ngokulinganayo ngokuphathelene nendiza yesikhungo sedatha noma umugqa omaphakathi.
13 ukushaya nxazonke
I-runout eyindilinga yisimo lapho indawo yokuguquguquka ku-aizingxenye ze-aluminium cncigcina indawo egxilile ngokuhlobene ne-axis yedatha ngaphakathi kwendiza yokulinganisa echaziwe.Ukubekezelela ukuphuma okuyisiyingi ukuhlukahluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe phakathi kwebanga lokulinganisa elilinganiselwe lapho isici sangempela esilinganisiwe sizungeza indilinga egcwele ezungeze i-eksisi yesithenjwa ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwe-axial.
Isibonelo: Indawo yokubekezelela indawo ephakathi kweziyingi ezimbili ezigxilile eziqonde ngqo kunoma iyiphi indiza yokulinganisa, enomehluko werediyasi ongu-0.1mm futhi izikhungo zayo ziku-axis yedatha efanayo.
14 amabhithi agcwele
Ukuphuma okugcwele kubhekisela enanini lokuphuma endaweni yonke ekaliliwe laphoizingxenye zensimbi ezenziwe ngomshiniijikeleziswa ngokuqhubekayo ku-eksisi yesithenjwa.Ukubekezelela okugcwele kokuphuma kwamanzi ubuningi bokuphuma obuvunyelwe uma isici sangempela esilinganisiwe sizungeza ngokuqhubekayo ku-axis yedatha kuyilapho inkomba ihamba ngokuhlobene nekhonsathi yayo efanelekile.
Isibonelo: Indawo yokubekezelela indawo ephakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziyisilinda ezinomehluko werediyasi ongu-0.1 mm kanye ne-coaxial enedamu.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-03-2023