Unoziva here kuti Tolerance yeFomu uye Position chii?
Geometric tolerance zvinoreva mutsauko unotenderwa wechimiro chaicho nenzvimbo chaiyo yechikamu kubva pachimiro chakakodzera nenzvimbo yakanaka.
Geometric kushivirira kunosanganisira kushivirira kwechimiro uye kushivirira kwechinzvimbo.Chero chikamu chinoumbwa nemapoinzi, mitsetse, uye nzvimbo, uye aya mapoinzi, mitsetse, uye nzvimbo dzinonzi zvinhu.Izvo zvinhu chaizvo zvezvikamu zvakagadzirwa zvinogara zvine zvikanganiso zvinoenderana neakanaka zvinhu, zvinosanganisira zvikanganiso zvechimiro uye zvikanganiso zvechinzvimbo.Mhando iyi yekukanganisa inokanganisa mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvemakanika, uye kushivirira kunoenderana kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa panguva yekugadzira uye kumakwa padhirowa zvichienderana neakatsanangurwa akajairwa zviratidzo.Mumakore ekuma1950, nyika dzakabudirira dzaive nemafomu uye mamiriro ekushivirira.Sangano reInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) rakaburitsa mwero wekushivirira kwejometri muna 1969, uye yakakurudzira iyo geometric tolerance yekuona musimboti uye nzira muna 1978. China yakazivisa chimiro uye chinzvimbo chekushivirira zviyero muna 1980, kusanganisira mitemo yekuyedza.Kushivirira kwechimiro uye kushivirira kwechinzvimbo zvinonzi kushivirira kwechimiro kwenguva pfupi.
Zvikamu zvakagadziridzwa hazvingove nedimensional tolerances, asiwo zvine misiyano pakati pechimiro chaicho kana nzvimbo yakaenzana yemapoinzi, mitsetse uye nzvimbo inoumba maumbirwo ejometri echikamu uye chimiro uye chinzvimbo chakafanana chinotsanangurwa neiyo yakanaka geometry.Musiyano uyu muchimiro ndiko kushivirira kwechimiro , uye mutsauko wenzvimbo inowirirana ndiko kushivirira kwechinzvimbo, pamwe chete kunonzi kushivirira kwechimiro nechinzvimbo.
Kana tichitaura nezve "Tolerance of Form and Position", inyanzvi yedzidziso uye inoshanda, unoziva zvakawanda sei nezvazvo?Mukugadzira, kana tikasanzwisisa kushivirira kwejometri yakanyorwa padhirowa, zvinokonzeresa kuti kuongororwa kwekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mhedzisiro kutsauka kubva pane zvinodiwa, uye kunyange kuunza mhedzisiro yakakomba.
Nhasi, ngatinzwisise zvakarongeka 14 chimiro uye chinzvimbo kushivirira.
14 Internationally Yakabatana Geometric Tolerance Symbols.
01 Kururama
Kutwasanuka, uko kunowanzonzi kutwasuka, kunoratidza mamiriro ekuti chimiro chaicho chemitsetse yakatwasuka pachikamu chinochengetedza mutsara wakarurama.Kururama kushivirira ndiko kusiyanisa kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa nemutsara chaiwo kune mutsara wakakodzera.
Muenzaniso 1: Mundege yakapihwa, nzvimbo yekushivirira inofanirwa kunge iri nzvimbo iri pakati pemitsetse miviri yakatwasuka ine chinhambwe che 0.1mm.
02 Flatness
Flatness, inowanzonzi flatness, inoratidza chimiro chaicho chezvikamu zvendege zvechikamu, kuchengetedza mamiriro akanaka endege.Iyo flatness kushivirira ndiyo yakanyanya kusiyanisa inobvumidzwa neiyo chaiyo yepamusoro kubva kune yakanakira ndege.
Muenzaniso: Nzvimbo yekushivirira inzvimbo iri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana pane chinhambwe che 0.08mm.
03 Roundness
Roundness, inowanzonzi chiyero chekutenderera, inoratidza mamiriro ekuti chimiro chaicho chedenderedzwa pane chikamu chinoramba chakaenzana kubva pakati pacho.The roundness tolerance ndiwo musiyano mukuru unobvumirwa nedenderedzwa chairo kune denderedzwa rakakodzera pachikamu chimwe chete.
Muenzaniso:Nzvimbo yekushivirira inofanirwa kunge iri pachikamu chimwe chete chakajairwa, nzvimbo iri pakati pemadenderedzwa maviri akaomesesa ane radius musiyano we0.03mm.
04 Cylindricity
Cylindricity zvinoreva kuti poindi imwe neimwe iri padenderedzwa rehumburumbira pachikamu inochengetwa yakaenzana kubva paakiso yayo.Iyo cylindricity kushivirira ndiyo yakanyanya kusiyanisa inobvumirwa neiyo chaiyo cylindrical pamusoro kune yakanaka cylindrical surface.
Muenzaniso:Nzvimbo yekushivirira inzvimbo iri pakati peaviri coaxial cylindrical nzvimbo ine radius musiyano we 0.1 mm.
05 mutsara profile
Line profile ndiyo mamiriro ekuti curve yechero chimiro inochengetedza chimiro chayo chakanaka pane yakapihwa ndege yechikamu.Line profile tolerance inoreva musiyano unobvumidzwa weiyo chaiyo contour mutsara weiyo isiri-yedenderedzwa curve.
06 chimiro chepamusoro
Surface profile ndiyo mamiriro ekuti chero nzvimbo pane chikamu inochengetedza chimiro chayo chakanaka.Surface profile tolerance inoreva mutsauko unotenderwa weiyo chaiyo contour mutsara weiyo isiri-denderedzwa pepamusoro kune yakanakira chimiro chepamusoro.
Muenzaniso: Nzvimbo yekushivirira iri pakati pemahamvuropu maviri akavharidzira nhevedzano yemabhora ane dhayamita ye0.02mm.Nzvimbo dzemabhora dzinofanirwa kunge dziri pamusoro peiyo theoretically chaiyo geometric chimiro.
07 Parallelism
Parallelism, iyo inowanzonzi chiyero cheparallelism, inoratidza mamiriro ekuti zvakayerwa zvinhu chaizvo pachikamu zvinochengetwa zvakaenzana kubva pane datum.Parallelism kushivirira ndiyo yakanyanya kutenderwa musiyano pakati pegwara chairo rechinhu chakayerwa uye yakanakira nzira inofambirana nedatum.
Muenzaniso: Kana mucherechedzo Φ wawedzerwa pamberi pehukoshi hwekushivirira, nzvimbo yekushivirira iri mukati mecylindrical surface ine referensi parallel dhayamita ye Φ0.03mm.
08 Verticality
Perpendicularity, iyo inowanzonzi chiyero che orthogonality pakati pezvinhu zviviri, zvinoreva kuti chinhu chakayerwa pachikamu chinochengetedza kona ye90 ° chaiyo maererano nereferensi.Perpendicularity kushivirira ndiyo yakanyanya kusiyanisa inotenderwa pakati peiyo chaiyo kutungamira kweyakayerwa chinhu uye yakanakira kutungamira perpendicular kune datum.
09 kuteremuka
Mutserendende ndiyo mamiriro chaiwo echero kona yakapihwa pakati pematanhire ezvimiro zviviri pachikamu.Kushivirira kwemateru ndiwo musiyano mukuru unobvumidzwa pakati pematarisirwo chaiwo echinhu chakayerwa uye netarisiro yakakodzera pane chero kona yakapihwa kune datum.
Muenzaniso :Nzvimbo yekushivirira yeakisi yakayerwa inzvimbo iri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana dzine kukosha kwekutsungirira kwe0.08mm uye kona yetioretical ye60 ° ine datum plane A.
10 chinzvimbo madhigirii
Position degree inoreva mamiriro chaiwo emapoinzi, mitsetse, nzvimbo uye zvimwe zvinhu patsika cnc milling chikamuzvichienderana nenzvimbo dzavo dzakanaka.Kushivirira kwechinzvimbo ndiko musiyano mukuru unobvumidzwa wenzvimbo chaiyo yechinhu chakayerwa maererano nenzvimbo yakanaka.
11 coaxial (concentric) madhigirii
Coaxiality, inowanzozivikanwa sedhigirii rekubatana, zvinoreva kuti axis yakayerwa pachikamu inochengetwa pamutsara wakatwasuka unoenderana nereferensi axis.The concentricity tolerance ndiyo inotenderwa mutsauko weyakayerwa axis chaiyo inoenderana nereference axis.
12 Symmetry
Chiyero chekuenzanisa zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zviviri zvepakati zvakaenzanirana pachikamu zvinochengetwa mundege yepakati imwe chete.The symmetry tolerance ndiyo huwandu hwekusiyana hunobvumidzwa ne symmetry center plane (kana pakati mutsetse, axis) yechinhu chaicho kune yakanakira symmetry plane.
Muenzaniso:Tolerance zone inzvimbo iri pakati pendege mbiri dzakafanana kana mitsetse yakatwasuka ine chinhambwe che 0.08mm uye yakarongwa zvakaenzanirana maererano nendege yepakati pedatum kana mutsara wepakati.
13 round kurohwa
Circular runout is the condition in the surface of revolution pa aaluminium cnc zvikamuinochengetedza nzvimbo yakagadziriswa inoenderana neakisi yedatum mukati mendege yekuyera yakatsanangurwa.Circular runout tolerance ndiwo musiyano mukuru unobvumirwa mukati memwero wakaganhurirwa kana chinhu chaicho chakayerwa chichitenderedza denderedzwa rakazara kutenderedza axis yereferensi pasina axial kufamba.
Muenzaniso: Nzvimbo yekushivirira inzvimbo iri pakati pemadenderedzwa maviri akakomberedzwa perpendicular kune chero kuyerwa ndege, ine radius musiyano we 0.1mm uye ane nzvimbo dziri pane imwechete datum axis.
14 kurohwa kwakazara
Full runout inoreva huwandu hwekubuda pamwe chete nenzvimbo yese yakayerwa kana iyomichina yesimbi zvikamuinoramba ichitenderedzwa ichitenderedzwa nereferensi axis.Iyo yakazara runout kushivirira ndiyo yakanyanya runout inotenderwa kana iyo yakayerwa chaiyo chinhu ichitenderera ichitenderedza datum axis apo chiratidzo chinofamba chichienderana neyakakodzera contour.
Muenzaniso: Iyo yekushivirira zone inzvimbo iri pakati pemacylindrical pepamusoro ane radius musiyano we0.1 mm uye coaxial ine datum.
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Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-03-2023