Mechanics inyaya yakaoma uye inoshanda
Nezvekudhirowa kuri kuita, haugone kutadza.
Kana paine chikanganiso munzvimbo imwechete, iko kushandisa chaiko kunenge kwakashata zvachose.
kukuedza
Uri kuona here kukanganisa mumufananidzo uyu?
Mhando dzema mechanical drawing
Kune akati wandei marudzi emakanika kudhirowa: schematic dhayagiramu uye zvikamu zvekudhirowa.BOM mazita.Kana uchinge waziva rudzi rwekudhirowa, unogona kuona kuti inomiririra chii uye zvazvinoreva.Kune kutaura kwakawanda sei?
Nzira yekuverenga sei mechanical mifananidzo?
Rondedzera kuti rudzii rwekudhirowa: dhizaini yegungano kana dhizaini yedhirowa.Inogonawo kunge iri zvikamu zvekudhirowa kana BOM runyorwa.Mhando dzakasiyana dzekudhirowa dzine ruzivo rwakasiyana, uye kusimbisa kwavo kwakasiyana.
Wese munhu anotevera zvakafanana yenyika yekudhirowa zviyero, kunyangwe iwo madhirowa akafanana.Mufananidzo unogadzirwa kuti veruzhinji vaone.Icharasikirwa nezvainoreva kana yakanyanya kuoma, iine nzvimbo dzakawandisa, kana kana vamwe vanhu vasingainzwisise.Tarisa pabhara remusoro mukona yezasi yekurudyi kuti uone zita rechinhu, nhamba, huwandu, zvinhu (kana zvichibvira), chikamu, chikamu, uye chero humwe ruzivo rwakakosha.
Kudhirowa Muenzaniso
Sarudza nzira yekuona.Madhirowa akajairika kazhinji ane kanenge kamwe chete.Pfungwa yekuona inotorwa kubva kune fungidziro yekudhirowa geometry.Iyi pfungwa yemaonero matatu inofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti inzwisise kudhirowa.
Chimiro chechinhu chinogona kuratidzwa uchishandisa chirevo chekufungidzira uye chinogona kuiswa chero kupi mu quadrant.Kazhinji, chinhu chinofanira kuiswa mune yekutanga mana-square kuti uwane fungidziro.Iyi nzira inozivikanwa seyekutanga-pakona yekufungidzira nzira.Yechipiri, yechitatu, uye yechina-ekona yekufungidzira nzira dzinogoneka zvakare.
MuEurope (zvakadai seUnited Kingdom neGermany), nzira iyi inowanzoshandiswa.Nzira yechitatu-yekona inoshandiswa neUnited States, Japan, nedzimwe nyika.
Iyi ndiyo pfungwa huru yemaonero.Zvinoda fungidziro yenzvimbo uye kuunganidza.Iyo joke inotaura kuti kana chigadzirwa chacho pachacho chisingagoni kudzorerwa ipapo zvichave zvichinyadzisa "kuchera tsime uye kuvaka chimney".chimiro.
Iwe unogona kuwana pfungwa yehukuru nekutora kutarisa nekukurumidza.Iwe unozofanirwa kuiongorora kana iwe uchiishandisa kana iwe uri mugadziri.
Iwe zvino unogona kutorwa semunhu asina basa kana iwe wakaverenga mifananidzo.Iwe unogona kumira panguva ino kana iwe usingade kupinda mune izvo zvakadzama.Mechanical kudhirowa ruzivo rwakanyanya kupfuura izvozvo chete.
Mechanical Drawings
Mechanical dhizaini (aya madhirowa ndiwo akajairwa kugadzirisa madhirowa ezvigadzirwa) anoratidza chimiro, zvinhu, huchokwadi, uye zviyero zvechigadzirwa.Yese data yedhizaini yechikamu, muchina kana chikamu.
Iwo madhirowa achine ruzivo rwakawanda, kunyangwe ndakanga ndaona zvigadzirwa uye zvimiro zvemukati ndisati ndapinda muindasitiri.Mechanical design manual ine zviuru zvemapeji kureba, sezvo inenge yese ruzivo rwemuchina rwuri mumifananidzo.Chimiro chega chega uye kutaura kunopihwa mwero wekukosha, uye zvese zvinomiririra ruzivo rwakakura rwehwaro.Huwandu hweruzivo rwaunogona kunzwisisa hunoenderana nekuunganidza kwako pachako.
Kururama mumifananidzo yezvigadzirwa
Mechanical dimensions, senge dhayamita yehumburumbira, inodarika kuyerwa chete.Izvo hazvina basa kana saizi kana kushivirira kwakanyorwa (+-0.XX).Izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa nemakanika (dimensional accuracy)Nguva dzose ipfungwa yakanaka kuva nayo.
Nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwema mechanical zvikamu zvinogadzirwa, zvakakosha kuti saizi inodzorwa mukati merudzi.Zvikamu zvakare zvine kushivirira kwejometri, uko kuripo kunyangwe iwo akamakwa.Mitemo yenyika inotaura chokwadi chisina kucherechedzwa (kushivirira), uye zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvekudhirowa zvinoti kurongeka kwakakosha kumakanika zvikamu.Izvi zvinoda kumwe kuunganidza.Wedzera QQ1624392196 kana iwe uchida kudzivirira iyo mamiriro uye dzidza UG CNC Chirongwa.
Mifananidzo inoratidza nzira yekugadzira chigadzirwa
Maitiro ingori nzira yekugadzira kana kuunganidza izvimachining chikamu.Mechanical dhizaini inogona kusataura zvakananga ruzivo nezve maitiro ekugadzira, asi ichine yakakosha maitiro.Kana chikamu chisingakwanisi kugadziriswa, hazvina maturo kuchigadzira.Mugadziri anofanira kunge akafunga nezve magadzirirwo echikamu, uye izvi zvicharatidzwa mumifananidzo.
Surface roughness yechigadzirwa sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo
Kushata kwepamusoro kunogadzirisa kushandiswa kwayo uye kunoderedza zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa.Nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa dzinogona kuwana hutsinye hwakasiyana;semuenzaniso, saizi uye kushivirira kwechimwe chinhu, kana chimiro chayo.
Kupisa Kurapa kweZvigadzirwa
Kurapa kwekupisa kunodiwa kuti kugadzirisa kugoneke uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuita kunosangana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi.Kurapa kwekupisa kunobatanawo nezvinhu zvakasarudzwa uye teknolojia yekugadzirisa.
Product pamusoro kurapwa
Kurapa kwepamusoro kunowanzo kutaurwa mune zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi.Iinewo humwe hukama kune zvinyorwa.
42 Hunyanzvi hwekudhirowa kwemichina
1. Mapepa mapepa anogona kuiswa mumhando shanu zvichienderana nehukuru.Kudhirowa fomati makodhi anosanganisira A0, A1, A2, A3, uye A4.Tsamba yemusoro inofanirwa kuoneka mukona yepasi-kurudyi yefuremu.Chinyorwa chebhari remusoro chinofanira kuenderana negwara rinotariswa mufananidzo.
2. Marudzi masere emitsara yemagirafu aripo: mutsetse wakakora wakasimba (mutsetse wakakora wakasimba), mutsetse wakatetepa wakasimba (mutsetse mutete wakasimba), wavy line (double polyline), dashed line (dete dot-dash), gobvu dotdash, uye kaviri- dash.
3. Macontours anooneka pamakina ezvikamu ane mitsetse yakaoma yakasimba.Iwo asingaoneki contours, zvisinei, anodhirowa achishandisa mitsetse ine madoti.Dimension mitsetse uye mitsetse mitsetse inoshandisawo mitsetse yakasimba.Uye iyo symmetry centre uye axis inodhirowewa nemadonhwe matete..Ukobvu hwemitsetse yakakora, yakatsetseka uye mitete ingangoita 1/3 kukora kweiyo yakaonda yakasimba.
4. Chiyero chiri pakati pehukuru hwemufananidzo uye saizi yegraphic inodaidzwa kuti chikamu.
5. Chiyero che1: 2 ndipo apo saizi yemuviri inopetwa kaviri saizi graphic.Izvi zvinonzi kuderedza.
6. Chiyero che2: 1 kuwedzera kwehukuru.
7. Unofanira kugara uchiedza kudhirowa uchishandisa reshiyo yeukoshi hwakadhirowewa pakutanga.Iwe unogona kushandisa reshiyo yekuwedzera / kuderedza kana zvichidikanwa.Semuenzaniso, chiyero che1: 2 kuderedzwa uye chiyero che2: 1 kuwedzera.Iwo chaiwo zviyero zvezvikamu zvemuchina zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa padhirowa, zvisinei kuti unoshandisa chikero chipi.
8. Mabhii, nhamba, uye mavara echiChinese zvinofanira kunyorwa nemafonti akatsvinda ane mabhii akajeka uye akapatsanurwa zvakaenzana.Mavara echiChinese anofanira kunyorwa pachishandiswa maitiro eRwiyo Rwakareba.
9. Dimensioning inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: dimension line, dimension limits uye dimension numbers.
10. Mudimensioning, R ndiyo radius yedenderedzwa;f ndiyo dhayamita yedenderedzwa;uye Sf ibhora dhayamita.
11. Zviyero zvinoratidzwa pamufananidzo zvinoenderana nehukuru hwechikamu.Kana zviyero zviri mumamilimita saka hapana kodhi kana zita richadikanwa.
.yezviyero zvakamira, inofanira kusiiwa.Maengle saizi anogara achinyorwa akachinjika.Kana mutsara wekudhirowa uchiyambuka nhamba, inofanira kuputswa.
.Kurerekera kwechiratidzo kunofanirwa kuenderana nekurerekera kwemateru pakumaka.Iyo taper nzira dzakamakwa dzinoenderana.
14. Kutenuka kwetepi kunoratidzwa nechiratidzo "1" uye "1: 5".
15. Mumifananidzo yendege, zvikamu zvemitsara zvinogona kuiswa mumhando nhatu: chikamu chinozivikanwa, chikamu chepakati, uye chikamu chekubatanidza.Kurongeka kwekudhirowa zvikamu zvemitsara kunofanirwa kuzivikanwa mitsara mitsetse inoteverwa nepakati mitsetse zvikamu uyezve kubatanidza mitsetse zvikamu.
16. Chikamu chemutsara chine hurefu hwakatarwa uye saizi yekumisikidza inozivikanwa inonzi chikamu chinozivikanwa.Chikamu chemutsara wepakati chikamu chine saizi yakatarwa asi saizi yekumisikidza isina kukwana.
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18. Mutemo wekutarisa katatu-maonero ndeokuti maonero makuru, maonero epamusoro, uye maonero ekuruboshwe anofanira kunge akafanana.
19. Zviyero zvechikamu zvinoyerwa mumativi matatu akasiyana: urefu, upamhi, uye urefu.Maonero epamusoro anongoratidza hupamhi nekureba kwechikamu, nepo kumberi kunoratidza chete kureba nekukwirira.
20. Nzira nhanhatu dzechikamu ndeidzi: kuruboshwe, kurudyi (kumberi neshure), kumusoro, pasi (kuruboshwe), uye mberi.Mukuona kukuru chete kuruboshwe, kurudyi, kumusoro uye pasi nzira dzinogona kuratidzwa.Mukuona kwepamusoro chete kuruboshwe, kurudyi, kumberi uye kumashure nzira dzinogona kuratidzwa.Kuruboshwe: Chete kumberi, kumashure, kumusoro, uye kuzasi kutarisisa kwechikamu kunogona kuratidzwa mune yekuruboshwe.
21. Maonero matatu makuru ndiwo maonero makuru, maonero epamusoro uye kuruboshwe.
22. Pane mamwe maonero matatu kunze kweyakakosha: maonero ekurudyi, kuona pasi, uye kuona kumashure.
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25. Zvikamu zvitatu zvinosanganiswa mukunyora kwemaonero ezvikamu: 1. Chiratidzo chinoratidza nzvimbo yekucheka ndege (mitsara yezvikamu), ine mavara kumativi ose maviri.2. Museve unoratidza kwainobva fungidziro.3. Mazwi ekuti “x —-x”.
26. Rega mavara ose e-cross-sectional, sezvo anoratidza kuti ndege yekucheka yakatemwa kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kwechikamu chemuchina.
27. Mifananidzo yezvikamu inogona kushandiswa kuratidza chimiro chemukati chechikamu.Zvikamu zvakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasimba uye zvisina mhango.
28. Musiyano pakati pezvikamu zvakangoerekana zvaitika uye zvakabviswa ndezvokuti coincident zvinoreva chikamu chakadhirowewa mukati mechiratidzo chekuona asi chikamu chakabviswa chiri chikamu chakadhirowewa kunze.
29. Graphics mudhirowa inokwanisa chete kuratidza chikamu chechimiro chechimiro.Iyo miyero padhirowa inofanira kushandiswa kuona saizi chaiyo yeiyocnc machined chikamu.
30. Dimensional foundation izita rinopihwa manhamba akanyorwa nezvimiro.Muchikamu chega chega chehurefu, hupamhi uye kureba kwezvikamu zvemuchina pane inokwana imwe dimensional base.
31. Zvinhu zvishanu zvinogadzira shinda: chimiro cheshinda, dhayamita (pitch), lead (nhamba yeshinda), uye nzira yekutenderera.
32. Mbabvu dzekunze nedzemukati dzinogona kupindirwa chete kana dhayamita, namo uye nhamba yeshinda dzembabvu dzose dziri mbiri dzichienderana.
.Mashinda asina mwero ishinda dzine chimiro chisingaenderane nechiyero chenyika.Threads ishinda kana chimiro chadzo chiri kuenderana nezviyero zvenyika, asi hachienderane nechiyero chenyika chedhayamita uye kukwirira.Special thread.
34. Nzira yakatemerwa yekudhirowa tambo dzekunze ndeidzi: ukuru hukuru hunomiririrwa ne ______, mudiki anomiririrwa _d1_ uye kuguma kunomiririrwa nemutsara wakakora, wakasimba.
35. Iyo dhayamita huru yeshinda yemukati mukuona kwe-cross-sectional inomiririrwa se _D________.Iyo dhayamita diki inoratidzwa ne _D1___ uye mutsetse wekugumisira nemutsara wakakora, wakasimba.Mitsetse mitete yakaoma inoshandiswa kumiririra dhayamita huru yemakomba asingaonekwe ane shinda pamwe chete nedhayamita diki nemutsara wekugumisira.
36. Bolt connections, stud connectors uye screw connectors zvose zvinowanzobatanidzwa ne threaded.
37. Makiyi anonyanya kushandiswa anosanganisira makiyi eflat uye semicircular, hook wedge, splines, uye hook wedge makiyi.
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39. Nzira yakakurudzirwa yekukwevera chikamu chemazino egiya ndeyotevera: denderedzwa repamusoro rezino rinotorwa uchishandisa mutsara wakaoma, wakasimba.Denderedzwa rinoshandisa mutsara wakanaka, une madota.Denderedzwa remidzi muchikamu chechikamu chinoratidzwa nemutsara wakakora, wakasimba.
40. Kana iyo roughness yakafanana pane dzakawanda, ipapo roughness code inofanira kuiswa mukona yepamusoro-kurudyi, ichiteverwa nemashoko maviri akasara.
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42. Zviyero mukudhirowa kwegungano zvinosanganisira 1 kutsanangurwa kwechidimbu 2 dhizaini yegungano 3 Kuisa zviyero 4 Zviyero zvakazara 5 mamwe madiki.
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-27-2023