Kodi mumadziwa bwanji za kapangidwe ka makina?
Zimaphatikizapo kupanga, kusanthula ndi kukhathamiritsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakina kuti zikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna komanso zofunikira.Zimaphatikizapo kupanga, kusanthula, ndi kukonzanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakina kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira ndi zofunikira.Kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zoyambira zaukadaulo monga thermodynamics ndi sayansi yazinthu ndizofunikira.
Kupanga kwamakina ndi gawo la mapangidwe, kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza.Kusasamala pakupanga nthawi zonse kumawonetsa mbali izi.Sizovuta kudziwa ngati ntchitoyo idzapambana kapena kulephera.Kupanga kumakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pakupanga mapangidwe, kotero kuti mapangidwe abwino sali osiyana ndi kupanga.Kumvetsetsa kupanga kudzakuthandizani kukulitsa luso lanu lopanga.
Kupanga kwamakina kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kupanga njira zodalirika, zotsika mtengo, komanso zogwira mtima.Okonza nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi zida zothandizira makompyuta (CAD) kuti apange zitsanzo zatsatanetsatane, kupanga zofananira, ndikuyesa ntchito asanapange. zotsatira.Kuti awonetsetse kuphatikizidwa kosasinthika ndi magwiridwe antchito, amagwira ntchito ndi maphunziro ena aukadaulo monga mainjiniya apagulu, mafakitale, ndi magetsi.
Palibe anthu ambiri omwe ndawawonapo omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa ndikukonza zojambulazo zitatha kupangidwa.Panthawi yojambula zojambula ndi ndondomeko yotsatira, si zachilendo kupeza mavuto ambiri.Izi zikuphatikiza zojambula zopangidwa ndi omwe amatchedwa mainjiniya akuluakulu kapena mainjiniya akulu.Izi ndi zotsatira pambuyo pokambirana mobwerezabwereza ndi misonkhano yambiri.Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo.Kumbali imodzi pali standardization mu kujambula, ndi mlingo wa oonera.Koma kusowa kwa kumvetsetsa kwa wopanga njira yopangira zinthu kumbali ina ndiko chifukwa chachikulu.
Kodi mumadziwa bwanji za kupanga?
Tengani chojambula chazomwe mwapanga.Kodi njira yonse yopangira zinthu ndi yotani?Sizingatheke kuchita kuponyera, kupangira ndi kutembenuza.Kugaya, kugaya ndi kugaya sikuthekanso.Aliyense amene wagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo m'sitolo yamakina amadziwa izi.Kuti mumvetse bwino ndondomekoyi, iyenera kugawidwa m'mapapo ang'onoang'ono.Mapangidwe a gawolo angayambitse ngozi panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha.Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungakulitsire bwino komanso kudula zinthuzo.Virtualization imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera njirayo, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mipeni, liwiro lozungulira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha zida, ngakhale komwe tchipisi tachitsulo chimaponyedwa, dongosolo la kugwiritsa ntchito mipeni, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito lathe.Tinganene kuti tsopano tili ndi maziko olimba.
Mfundo kusankha zipangizo mbali makina
ayenera kuganizira mbali zitatu zofunika
1. Zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito (zofunikira):
1) Kugwira ntchito kwa magawo (kugwedezeka, kukhudzidwa, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha pang'ono, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi katundu wambiri ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala);2) Zochepa pa kukula ndi khalidwe la zigawo;3) Kufunika kwa magawo.(Kufunika kofananira ndi kudalirika kwa makina onse)
2. Zofunikira pakukonza:
1) Kupanga zopanda kanthu (kuponya, kupeta, kudula mbale, kudula ndodo);
2) Kukonza makina;
3) Chithandizo cha kutentha;
4) Chithandizo chapamwamba
3. Zofunikira pazachuma:
1) Mtengo wazinthu (kuyerekeza pakati pa mtengo wopanda kanthu ndi mtengo wopangira zitsulo wamba zozungulira ndi mbiri zokokedwa ndi ozizira, kuponyedwa mwatsatanetsatane, ndi kufota mwatsatanetsatane);
2) Processing mtanda kukula ndi mtengo processing;
3) Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu;(monga tsatanetsatane wa mbale, mipiringidzo, ndi mbiri, zigwiritseni ntchito moyenera)
4) Kusinthana (yesani kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika mtengo m'malo mwa zinthu zotsika mtengo zotsika mtengo monga inki ya ductile m'malo mwa manja amkuwa m'malo ena osamva kuvala kapena ma bere okhala ndi mafuta m'malo mwa manja otembenuza ndi nayiloni pakatundu wotsika) Bwezerani zitsulo. magiya okhala ndi magiya a copper worm etc.
Komanso, ganizirani za kupezeka kwa zipangizo za m'deralo
1. Zofunikira zofunika pakupanga makina
a) Samalani kugwirizanitsa ndi kulinganiza zokhudzana ndi zofunikira zamakina!Pewani kuti mbiya isachitike
b) Zofunikira pazachuma cha makina: Kupanga chuma, yambitsani kupanga mwachangu, kubwezanso kugwiritsa ntchito panthawi yachitukuko, komanso kupanga-kupanga nthawi yomweyo pazachuma.Izi zidzakupatsani chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha mtengo / ntchito (zogulitsa zimayambira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono).
2. Zofunikira zofunika pakupanga magawo amakina
a) Gwirani ntchito moyenera komanso modalirika mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yakonzedwa kuti muwonetsetse ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamakina;
b) Kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ndi kupanga magawo;
c) Gwiritsani ntchito magawo ambiri omwe amapezeka pamsika momwe angathere;
d) Popanga zinthu zomwe zitha kusinthidwa, ganizirani kusinthasintha kwa magawo.Mapangidwe a omwe sali padziko lonse lapansi ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi momwe angathere kuti achepetse zovuta za kupanga, komanso nthawi yofunikira pakupanga zida ndi zida.
Onani kusankhidwa kwa magawo omwe ali muzojambula zamakina
Mawonekedwe a gawo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira chiwembu chofotokozera gawolo.Magawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana amagawana mawonekedwe ofanana.
Nthawi zambiri, zida zamakina zitha kugawidwa m'magulu kutengera mawonekedwe awo, monga ma bushings ndi ma wheel disc.Nawa mawonekedwe awo amafotokozedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
(1) Sankhani zigawo za shaft ndi manja
Mzere wa ma shafts kapena mbali ya manja imayikidwa mopingasa molingana ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, mawonedwe oyambira ndi apakati, komanso kukulitsidwa pang'ono, ndizo zonse zomwe zimafunikira.
(2) Sakatulani zomwe tasankha za magudumu ndi ma disk
Pakuwona kwakukulu, axis imayikidwanso molunjika malinga ndi malo a processing.Izi zimafuna malingaliro awiri ofunikira.
(3) Zigawo za Fork ndi Ndodo
Mwachitsanzo, mafoloko ndi ndodo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopindika komanso zopendekeka.Malingaliro omwe amayimira bwino mawonekedwe awo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithunzi chachikulu.Zithunzi ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo zingafunike.
(4) Kusankha zigawo za bokosi
Zigawo zamtundu wa bokosi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.Kuyika kowonekera kwakukulu kuyenera kugwirizana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a gawo pamakina.Nthawi zambiri, pamafunika malingaliro osachepera atatu.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira zingapo zofotokozera za gawo lomwelo.Iliyonse ili ndi phindu lake ndi zovuta zake ndipo iyenera kufananizidwa ndikuwunikidwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Posankha mawonedwe, ndikofunikira kuti lingaliro lililonse likhale ndi cholinga chake.Mawonedwe osankhidwa ayenera kukhala athunthu komanso omveka bwino, komanso osavuta kuwerenga.
Mbali za shaft ndi manja
Cholinga chachikulu cha shaft ndi zida za manja ndikutumiza mphamvu, kapena kuthandizira mbali zina monga ma shafts.
(1) Zomwe zimapangidwira komanso njira zopangira shaft ndi zida za manja
Zigawo zazikulu za matupi ozungulirawa ndi masilinda, ma cones ndi matupi ena ozungulira amitundu yosiyanasiyana.Zida zambiri za shaft ndi manja zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lathes kapena grinders.Izizida zosinthira zamagalimotoNthawi zambiri amapangidwa, kukonzedwa kapena kusonkhanitsidwa ndi zinthu monga chamfers ndi ulusi.Athanso kukhala ndi ma undercuts, ma pinholes, makiyi kapena malo athyathyathya.
(2) Onani zosankha
Mbali ya shaft ndi manja imayimiridwa ndi mawonekedwe akutsogolo, axis yoyikidwa mopingasa.Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi nambala yoyenera kapena mawonedwe apakati ndi kukulitsa pang'ono.Maonekedwe opingasa a kawonedwe kakang'ono sikugwirizana kokha ndi mfundo yosankha mawonedwe a mbali komanso malo ake ochitira zinthu komanso malo ogwirira ntchito.
Magawo ang'onoang'ono atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira zomangira monga mabowo ndi maenje amkati.Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3-7, misewu, mabowo ndi ndege zamapangidwe, pakati pa mapangidwe ena, ziyenera kuimiridwa ngati mawonekedwe osiyana.
Ma shafts olimba safunikira kudulidwa, koma zigawo za manja ziyenera kuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo amkati.Malingaliro a gawo lonse angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mawonekedwe akunja ndi ophweka;mawonekedwe a theka angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ali ovuta.
Chithunzi 3-7 njira yowonetsera axis
Pani ndi kuphimba mbali
Zomwe zili mu disc ndi zigawo zophimba ndi zophimba kumapeto, ma flanges (magudumu am'manja), ma pulleys, ndi zigawo zina zooneka ngati diski.Magudumu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumizira mphamvu ndipo zophimba zimakhala ngati chithandizo, malo axial, ndi kusindikiza.
1. Mapangidwe ake
Thupi lalikulu la diski kapena gawo lophimba nthawi zambiri limakhala thupi lozungulira la coaxial.Ena ali ndi matupi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi masikweya, amakona anayi, kapena mawonekedwe ena, okhala ndi miyeso yokulirapo komanso yaying'ono ya axial.Monga momwe ziwonetsedwera mu Zithunzi 3-8, mbali zambiri zimakhala ndi zomangira monga mabowo, mabowo mozungulira gawo, nthiti kapena poyambira, ndi mano.
Chithunzi 3-8 Njira yofotokozera za mbale/zophimba
(2) Onani zosankha
Nthawi zambiri, ma disk ndi zigawo zophimba zimatha kufotokozedwa m'njira ziwiri.Kuwona kwakukulu ndi gawo lonselo kudzera mu axis.Mzerewu uyenera kuyimilira mopingasa kuti ufanane ndi momwe akugwirira ntchito.Kuwona kwakukulu kwa mbali zina, zomwe sizinakonzedwe makamaka ndi lathes zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi malo awo.
Mawonedwe ofunikira a diski ndi chivundikiro ndi njira yowonetsera kugawidwa kwa mabowo, grooves ndi zina zozungulira diski kapena chivundikiro.Pamene mawonekedwe ali ofanana, mawonekedwe a theka angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mafoloko ndi zigawo za chimango
The chimango ndi mphanda mbali monga kulumikiza ndodo, m`mabulaketi etc. Zolinga zosiyanasiyana.Shift mafoloko ndi ndodo zomangira zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pamakina owongolera makina.Mabulaketi amagwiranso ntchito mofananamo.Zolemba izi nthawi zambiri zimaponyedwa kapena kupezedwa.
(1) Maonekedwe ake
Mafoloko ndi mafelemu ambiri amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: gawo logwirira ntchito, gawo loyikapo, ndi gawo lolumikizira.Gawo logwira ntchito limatanthawuza gawo la mphanda kapena chimango lomwe limakhudza mbali zina.Mabowo okwera pa mbale yapansi ya makona atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika ndikulumikiza bulaketi.Chipinda chothandizira cha bracket chimagwirizanitsa magawo ogwira ntchito ndi oyika.Popanga zigawo za bracket, ndizofala kupanga magawo ogwirira ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa gawolo poyamba, kenako ndikuwonjezera gawo lolumikizira.
(2) Onani zosankha
Mafoloko ndi mafelemu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'njira zovuta, zokhala ndi zopindika kapena zopindika.Ziwalozo zimayikidwa pamasitepe ambiri osiyanasiyana, ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito a zigawozi sanakhazikitsidwe.Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe omwe amawonetsa bwino mawonekedwe a chinthucho amasankhidwa ngati chithunzi chachikulu.Malingaliro ena, mawonedwe ang'onoang'ono, magawo ozungulira, ndi njira zina zofotokozera, kuwonjezera pa malingaliro akuluakulu, amasankhidwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake.Monga momwe chithunzi 3-9 chikusonyezera.
Chithunzi 3-9 Njira yofotokozera ya zigawo za bulaketi
Zigawo za Bokosi
Zigawo za bokosi zimaphatikizapo matupi a pampu, matupi a valve, maziko a makina, mabokosi ochepetsera, ndi zina zotero. Castings amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zigawo za bokosi, zomwe ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu za makina ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu.Zothandizira, zisindikizo, ndi maudindo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
1. Mapangidwe ake
Mapangidwe a bokosi amasiyana malinga ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito.Komabe, zambiri ndi zipolopolo zopanda kanthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zibowo zazikulu zamkati.Mkati patsekeke mawonekedwe anatsimikiza ndi zoyenda trajectory ndi mawonekedwe azigawo zamakinazomwe zili m'bokosi.Bowo lonyamula ndi gawo lomwe limathandizira magawo osuntha a bokosi.Kumapeto kwa dzenje kumakhala ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zakomweko, monga ndege yoyika zotchingira kumapeto kapena mabowo opukutira.
(2) Onani zosankha
Malo opangira njira iliyonse ndi yosiyana.Magawo a bokosi ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso njira zovuta zopangira.Chiwonetsero chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimasankhidwa potengera malo ogwirira ntchito a bokosi ndi mawonekedwe ake.Kuti mufotokoze zovuta zamkati ndi kunja kwa mawonekedwe, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zithunzi zokwanira zojambulidwa ndi zojambulajambula.Mawonedwe enaake ndi kukulitsa pang'ono kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera mwatsatanetsatane zomanga.
Chithunzi 3-10 Njira yofotokozera za ziwalo za thupi
Chithunzi 3-10 chikuwonetsa thupi la valve.Lili ndi magawo anayi: chubu chozungulira, squareplate, ndi kulumikiza chitoliro.Mabowo amkati mwa magawo ozungulira ndi ma silinda amalumikizidwa ndi mphambano pakati pa ziwirizi.Kuwona kutsogolo kwa valve kumakonzedwa molingana ndi momwe akugwirira ntchito.Mawonekedwe akutsogolo amagawidwa mokwanira kuti awonetse mawonekedwe amkati a valve, malo ake achibale, ndi zina.
Sankhani mawonekedwe a gawo la theka kumanzere kuti awonetse mawonekedwe a thupi lalikulu la valavu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mbale ya square kumanzere kwa valve ndi mkati mwa dzenje.Sankhani mawonekedwe apamwamba kuti muwonetse mawonekedwe onse ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a valve.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-12-2023