Kukosha kwemubhedha wakakweshwa nemaoko kune maturusi emuchina chaiwo

Sei maturusi emuchina chaiwo achifanira kukweshwa nemaoko?

Kukwenya inzira yakaoma zvikuru inodarika kuveza matanda mukuoma kunzwisisa.Inoshanda sehwaro hwakakosha hwekuita basa rematurusi nekuona kupedzwa chaiko kwepamusoro.Kukwenya kunobvisa kuvimba kwedu kune mamwe maturusi emuchina uye kunogona kunyatso bvisa kutsauka kunokonzerwa ne clamping simba uye kupisa simba.

Njanji dzakakweshwa hadzisi nyore kupfeka, zvakanyanya nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo hwekuzora.Mudzidzisi wekuchera anofanira kunge akanyatsoziva nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi unyanzvi hwavo hunogona kukudzwa chete kuburikidza nemaoko-pane ruzivo, zvichiita kuti vakwanise kuwana manzwiro chaiwo uye akapfava anodiwa.

Kukwenya inzira yakaoma uye yakaoma inosanganisira kubviswa kwesimbi kubva pamusoro.Icho chiitiko chakakosha chinoshandiswa mukuita basa rematurusi, kuve nechokwadi chekupedza kwepamusoro.Kukwenya kunobvisa kudiwa kwemamwe maturusi emuchina uye kunogona kunyatso bvisa kutsauka kunokonzerwa ne clamping simba uye kupisa simba.

Njanji dzakambokweshwa dzinoratidza kuvandudzwa kwemafuta ekuzora, zvichikonzera kudzikira uye kubvaruka.Kuve nyanzvi yekucheka technician inoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana, ayo anogona chete kukudzwa kuburikidza nemaoko-pane ruzivo.Iyo inovagonesa kuwana iyo chaiyo uye yakatsetseka kunzwa inodiwa kuti iite basa rakakwana.Paunopfuura nepafekitari inogadzira maturusi emuchina woona nyanzvi dzichikwesha nokukuya nemaoko, haugoni kuita kunze kwokushamisika: “Vanogona chaizvoizvo kuvandudza nzvimbo dzazvino uno dzakagadzirwa nomuchina kupfurikidza nokukwesha nokukuya here?(Vanhu vachadaro Iine simba kupfuura muchina here?)

Kana iwe uri kutaura nezve kutaridzika kwayo, saka mhinduro yedu ndeye "kwete", isu hatingaite kuti iwedzere kunaka, asi nei kuikwenya?Pane zvikonzero zveizvi, hongu, uye chimwe chazvo ndicho chikonzero chemunhu: chinangwa chechishandiso chemuchina kugadzira mamwe maturusi emuchina, asi haakwanise kudzokorora chigadzirwa nenzira kwayo kupfuura yekutanga.Naizvozvo, kana tichida kugadzira muchina wakarurama kupfuura muchina wapakuvamba, tinofanira kuva nenzvimbo itsva yokutangira, ndiko kuti, tinofanira kutanga nenhamburiko dzavanhu.Panyaya iyi, kuedza kwevanhu kunoreva kukwesha nokukuya nemaoko.

Kupura uye kugaya hakusi "freehand" kana "freehand" kushanda.Iyo inonyatso inzira yekukopa iyo inenge yakanyatso kutevedzera matrix.Iyi matrix indege yakajairwa uye inogadzirwawo nemaoko.

Kunyange zvazvo kukwenya uye kukuya kwakaoma uye kunonetsa, inyanzvi (an art-level technique);kungava kwakaoma zvikuru kurovedza nyanzvi yokukwenya nokukuya kupfuura kurovedza inyanzvi yokuveza matanda.Hapana mabhuku akawanda pamusika anokurukura nyaya iyi.Kunyanya, pane ruzivo rushoma runokurukura "nei kukwenya kuchikosha".Izvi zvingava chikonzero nei kukorobha kuchionekwa seunyanzvi.

Mukugadzira maitiro, zvakakosha kuchengetedza kurongeka munzvimbo dziri kugadzirwa.Iyo nzira inoshandiswa mukuita izvi kurongeka yakakosha, sezvo inobata zvakananga kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.Somuenzaniso, kana mugadziri akasarudza kugaya neguyo pane kukwesha, njanji dziri paguyo “dzinobereka” dzinofanira kuva dzakanyatsonaka kupfuura dziri paguyo idzva.

Mubvunzo unobva wamuka, iko kurongeka kwemichina yekutanga kwakabvepi?Inofanira kunge yakabva mumuchina wakanyatsorongeka kana kuti yaivimba neimwe nzira yekugadzira nzvimbo yakati sandara zvechokwadi kana kuti pamwe yakakopwa kubva pakafuratirwa kakatoitwa kare.

Kuenzanisira pfungwa yekugadzirwa kwepamusoro, tinogona kushandisa nzira nhatu dzekudhirowa madenderedzwa.Kunyangwe madenderedzwa ari mitsetse kwete nzvimbo, anogona kubatsira kutsanangura pfungwa.Mhizha ine hunyanzvi inogona kudhirowa denderedzwa rakakwana nekambasi yakajairika.Nekudaro, kana vakatsvaga penzura pagomba mune template yepurasitiki, ivo vanodzokorora zvese zvisina kunaka mugomba.Kana vakaedza kuidhirowa vakasununguka, kurongeka kwedenderedzwa kunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwavo hushoma.

Kana mugadziri akasarudza kugaya neguyo pane kukwesha, njanji dziri paguyo re“mubereki” wake dzinofanira kuva dzakarurama kupfuura paguyo idzva.

Saka kururama kwemichina yekutanga kwakabvepi?

Inofanira kunge yakabva mumuchina wakanyatsorongeka kana kuti yaivimba neimwe nzira yekugadzira nzvimbo yakati sandara zvechokwadi kana kuti pamwe yakakopwa kubva pakafuratirwa kakatoitwa kare.

Tinogona kushandisa nzira nhatu dzekudhirowa madenderedzwa kuratidza magadzirirwo enzvimbo (kunyangwe madenderedzwa ari mitsara uye asiri pamusoro, anogona kutorwa kuratidza pfungwa yacho).Mhizha inogona kudhirowa denderedzwa rakakwana nekambasi yakajairika;kana akatsvaga penzura pagomba mune template yepurasitiki, achadzokorora zvese zvisina kunaka mugomba;kana akaikwevera akasununguka, Kana iri denderedzwa, kurongeka kwedenderedzwa kunoenderana neunyanzvi hwake hushoma.

Muchidzidzo, nzvimbo yakati sandara yakakwana inogona kugadzirwa nekutsinhanisa (lapping) yezvikamu zvitatu.Nekuda kwekureruka, ngatienzanisire nematombo matatu, rimwe nerimwe riine nzvimbo yakati sandara.Kana iwe ukakwiza aya matatu maficha achichinjana mune zvisina tsarukano kurongeka, iwe unokuya iyo matatu maficha akatsetseka uye akatsetseka.Ukakwesha matombo maviri chete, unozopedzisira wava nekubatana kwebundu rimwe nerimwe.Mukuita, pamusoro pekushandisa kukwesha pachinzvimbo chekupeta (Lapping), kutevedzana kwakajeka kwepairi kunoteverwa zvakare.Kuchera masters vanowanzo shandisa mutemo uyu kuita jig yakajairwa (yakatwasuka gauge kana flat plate) yavanoda kushandisa.

Paunenge uchiishandisa, iyo scraper master inotanga kuisa mugadziri wemuvara pane yakajairwa jig, wozoitsveta pamusoro peiyo workpiece kuratidza nzvimbo dzinoda kukweshwa.Anoramba achidzokorora chiito ichi, uye pamusoro pebasa rekushanda richaswedera pedyo uye pedyo nejig standard, uye pakupedzisira, anogona kunyatsotevedzera basa rakafanana nejig standard.

Castings inoda kupera kazhinji inogayiwa kuti itimbe pane saizi yekupedzisira, yobva yatumirwa kunorapwa kupisa kuti isunungure kudzvanywa kwasara.Mushure mezvo, ma castings anoiswa pasi pekupedzisa kukuya kusati kwaitwa scraping.Kunyange zvazvo chirongwa chekucheka chinoda nguva yakawanda, basa, uye mari, inogona kutora nzvimbo yekudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, izvo zvinouya nemutengo wakakura.Kana scraping isingashandiswi, workpiece inofanira kupedzwa uchishandisa inodhura, yakakwirira-yakarurama muchina, kana kuenda kuburikidza inodhura kugadzirisa kugadzirisa.

Mukuita kwekupedzisa zvikamu, kunyanya kukanda kwakakura, kushandiswa kwesimba rinokwevera zviito kunowanzodikanwa.Simba rekumanikidza, kana kugadzirisa kunosvika zviuru zvishoma zvehupamhi hwepamusoro, inogona, zvisinei, kukonzera kukanganisa kwechishandiso, ichiisa mungozi kurongeka kwechishandiso mushure mekusunungura simba rekumanikidza.Pamusoro pezvo, kupisa kunogadzirwa panguva yekugadziriswa kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kweiyo workpiece.Kukwenya, pamwe nezvakanakira, kunouya kunobatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.Iko hakuna clamping simba, uye kupisa kunogadzirwa nekukwenya kunenge kushoma.Mahombe workpiece anotsigirwa pamapoinzi matatu kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti haaregi nekuda kwehuremu hwawo.

Kana iyo yekukwenya track yemuchina wekushandisa inopfekwa, inogona kugadziriswa zvakare nekukwenya.Iyi ibhenefiti yakakosha kana ichienzaniswa neimwe nzira yekurasa muchina kana kutumira kufekitori kuti iparadzwe uye igadziriswe zvakare.Vashandi vekugadzira fekitari kana nyanzvi dzeko vanogona kuita basa rekukwenya nekukuya.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bhuku rekunyora uye simba rekutsvaira rinogona kushandiswaed kuti uwane iyo yekupedzisira inodiwa geometric kunyatsoita.Mudzidzisi ane hunyanzvi hwekukwesha anogona kupedzisa rudzi urwu rwekugadzirisa munguva pfupi inoshamisa.Kunyangwe iyi nzira inoda hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, inodhura-inoshanda pane kugadzirisa nhamba huru yezvikamu kuti ive yakanyanya kurongeka, kana kuita mamwe madhizaini akavimbika kana anogadziriswa kudzivirira kukanganisa kurongeka.Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mhinduro iyi haifaniri kushandiswa senzira yekugadzirisa kukanganisa kukuru kwekugadzirisa, sezvo yakanga isiri chinangwa chayo chepakutanga.

Kuvandudzwa kwekuzora

Mukugadzira maitiro ekukanda, kupedzisa kunoda kugaya ma castings kusvika kudiki pane saizi yavo yekupedzisira, ichiteverwa nekurapa kwekupisa kuburitsa yakasara kudzvanywa.Kukandwa kunobva kwaiswa pasi pekupedza kukuya nekukwesha.Kunyange zvazvo nzira yekucheka inotora nguva uye inodhura, inogona kutsiva kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvinouya nemutengo wakakura.Pasina kukwesha, kupedzisa workpiece inoda inodhura, yakakwirira-chaiyo muchina kana inodhura kugadzirisa kugadzirisa.

Gravity clamping zviito zvinowanzodiwa pakupedzisa zvikamu, kunyanya makuru ekukanda.Nekudaro, simba rekumanikidza rinogona kukonzeresa kukanganisa kwechishandiso, ichiisa mungozi kurongeka mushure mekuburitsa simba rekusunga.Kuchera kunouya kunobatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sezvo pasina simba rekuvhara, uye kupisa kunokonzerwa nekukwenya kunenge kusingakoshi.Mahombe workpiece anotsigirwa pamapoinzi matatu kudzivirira deformation nekuda kwehuremu hwavo.

Kana iyo scraping track yemuchina wemuchina inopfekwa, inogona kugadziridzwa zvakare nekukwenya, iyo inodhura-inoshanda pane kurasa muchina kana kutumira kufekitori kuti iparadze uye igadzirise.Manual uye simba scraping inogona kushandiswa kuwana yekupedzisira inodiwa geometric chaiyo.Kunyangwe iyi nzira inoda tekinoroji ine hunyanzvi, inodhura-inoshanda pane kugadzirisa nhamba huru yemachining zvikamukuve chakarurama chakanyanya kana kugadzira madhizaini akavimbika kana anochinjika kudzivirira kukanganisa kurongeka.Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mhinduro iyi haifaniri kushandiswa kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvakakura zvekugadzirisa, sezvo yakanga isiri chinangwa chayo chepakutanga.Kuvandudzwa kwekuzora

Chiitiko chinoshanda chakaratidza kuti kukwesha njanji kunogona kuderedza kupokana kuburikidza nemhando yepamusoro yekuzora, asi hapana kubvumirana kuti nei.Mafungiro akajairika ndeokuti akakwarwa makwapa akadzikira (kana kunyanya, madhimples akagochwa, homwe dzemafuta ekuwedzera) zvinopa homwe zhinji dzemafuta, dzinotorwa netwudiki twakawanda twakatenderedza nzvimbo dzakakwirira.Zviparadze.

Imwe nzira yekuisa nayo zvine musoro ndeyokuti inotibvumira kuramba tichichengetedza firimu remafuta pane izvo zvikamu zvinofamba zvinoyangarara, iyo ndiyo chinangwa chekuzora kwese.Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti izvi zviitike ndechekuti homwe dzemafuta idzi dzisina kujairika dzinoumba nzvimbo yakawanda yekuti mafuta agare, zvichiita kuti zviome kuti oiri ibude nyore.Mamiriro akakodzera ekuzora ndeyekuchengetedza firimu remafuta pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakatsetseka, asi ipapo unofanirwa kubata nekudzivirira mafuta kuti asapukunyuke, kana kuda kuizadza nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.(Kunyange paine kukwesha pamusoro penzira kana kwete, migodhi yemafuta inowanzoitwa kubatsira kugoverwa kwemafuta).

Chirevo chakadaro chinoita kuti vanhu vabvunze mabatiro enzvimbo yekuonana.Kukwenya kunoderedza nzvimbo yekubata asi kunogadzira yakaenzana kugovera, uye kugovera ndicho chinhu chakakosha.Iyo inopfava iyo miviri inofanana nzvimbo, iyo yakanyanya kugovera yakaenzana nzvimbo dzekusangana dzichave.Asi pane musimboti mumakanika wekuti "kukwenya hakuna chekuita nenzvimbo."Mutsara uyu unoreva kuti ingave nzvimbo yekubata iri 10 kana 100 square inches, simba rimwechete rinodiwa kufambisa bhenji rebasa.(Kupfeka ndeimwe nyaya. Idiki nzvimbo iri pasi pemutoro wakafanana, inokurumidza kupfeka.)

Chinhu chandinoda kutaura ndechekuti chatiri kutsvaga mafuta ari nani, kwete akawanda kana mashoma ekuonana nzvimbo.Kana iyo lubrication isina kukanganisa, track surface haife yakasakara.Kana tafura ichinetseka kufamba sezvo ichipera, izvi zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nekuzora, kwete nzvimbo yekubata.

Kukorobha kunoitwa sei?.

Usati wawana nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinofanirwa kubviswa, tanga waisa mugadziri wemuvara pane yakajairwa jig (flat plate kana jig yakatwasuka paunenge uchikwenya njanji dzakaumbwa neV), wozoisa mugadziri weruvara pane yakajairwa jig.Nekukwesha pamusoro peiyo track surface kuti ifoshororwe, mugadziri wemuvara achaendeswa kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzenzira yepamusoro, uye ipapo chimbo chakakosha chekucheka chinoshandiswa kubvisa nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekukura kwemavara.Ichi chiito chinofanirwa kudzokororwa kusvika iyo track surface ichiratidza yunifomu kutamiswa.

Zvechokwadi, tenzi wekukwenya anofanira kuziva maitiro akasiyana-siyana.Rega nditaure nezvevaviri vavo pano:

Mukugadzira maitiro ekukanda, kupedzisa kunoda kugaya makanda akakura zvishoma pane saizi yavo yekupedzisira, ichiteverwa nekurapa kwekupisa kuburitsa yakasara kudzvanywa.Iwo ma castings anobva aiswa pasi pekupedzisira kukuya nekukweshwa.Kunyange zvazvo nzira yekucheka inotora nguva uye inodhura, inogona kutsiva kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvinouya nemutengo wakakura.Pasina kukwesha, kupedzisa workpiece inoda inodhura, yakakwirira-chaiyo muchina kana inodhura kugadzirisa kugadzirisa.

Pakupedzisa zvikamu, kunyanya kukanda kwakakura, zviito zvekurovedzera giravhiti zvinowanzodiwa.Nekudaro, simba rekumanikidza rinogona kukonzeresa kukanganisa kwechishandiso, ichiisa mungozi kurongeka mushure mekuburitsa simba rekusunga.Kuchera kunouya kunobatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sezvo pasina simba rekuvhara, uye kupisa kunokonzerwa nekukwenya kunenge kusingakoshi.Mahombe workpiece anotsigirwa pamapoinzi matatu kudzivirira deformation nekuda kwehuremu hwavo.

Kana iyo scraping track yemuchina wemuchina inopfekwa, inogona kugadziridzwa zvakare nekukwenya, iyo inodhura-inoshanda pane kurasa muchina kana kutumira kufekitori kuti iparadze uye igadzirise.Manual uye simba scraping inogona kushandiswa kuwana yekupedzisira inodiwa geometric chaiyo.Kunyangwe iyi nzira inoda tekinoroji ine hunyanzvi, inodhura-inoshanda pane kugadzirisa nhamba huru yecnc zvikamukuve chakarurama chakanyanya kana kugadzira madhizaini akavimbika kana anochinjika kudzivirira kukanganisa kurongeka.Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mhinduro iyi haifaniri kushandiswa kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvakakura zvekugadzirisa, sezvo yakanga isiri chinangwa chayo chepakutanga.

Chiitiko chinoshanda chakaratidza kuti kukwesha njanji kunogona kuderedza kupokana kuburikidza nemhando yepamusoro yekuzora, asi hapana kubvumirana kuti nei.Mafungiro akajairika ndeokuti akakwarwa makwapa akadzikira (kana kunyanya, madhimples akagochwa, homwe dzemafuta ekuwedzera) zvinopa homwe zhinji dzemafuta, dzinotorwa netwudiki twakawanda twakatenderedza nzvimbo dzakakwirira.Kukwenya kunoderedza nzvimbo yekubata asi kunogadzira yakaenzana kugovera, uye kugovera ndicho chinhu chakakosha.Iyo inopfava iyo miviri inofanana nzvimbo, iyo yakanyanya kugovera yakaenzana nzvimbo dzekusangana dzichave.Asi pane musimboti mumakanika wekuti "kukwenya hakuna chekuita nenzvimbo."Mutsara uyu unoreva kuti ingave nzvimbo yekubata iri 10 kana 100 square inches, simba rimwechete rinodiwa kufambisa bhenji rebasa.(Kupfeka ndeimwe nyaya. Idiki nzvimbo iri pasi pemutoro wakafanana, inokurumidza kupfeka.)

Chiripo ndechekuti zvatiri kutsvaga zviri nani zvekuzora, kwete zvakawanda kana zvishoma nzvimbo yekuonana.Kana iyo lubrication isina kukanganisa, track surface haife yakasakara.Kana tafura ine dambudziko rekufamba sezvainopera, izvi zvinogona kunge zvine chokuita nekuzora, kwete nzvimbo yekubatana.Kutanga, tisati taita kugadzirwa kwemavara, tinowanzo shandisa faira yakasviba kuti tikweze zvinyoronyoro pamusoro pebasa rekushanda. bvisa maburrs.

Chechipiri, pukuta pamusoro nebhurashi kana maoko ako, usambofa nemucheka.Kana iwe ukashandisa jira kupukuta, mitsetse yakanaka yakasiiwa nejira inokonzeresa mavara anorasisa nguva inotevera yauchaita yakakwirira-point color development.

Iyo scraping master pachayo ichaongorora basa rake nekuenzanisa iyo standard jig neye track surface.Muongorori anongoda kuudza tenzi wekukwenya nguva yekumisa basa, uye hapana chikonzero chekunetsekana nezve scraping process.(The scraping master can be responsible for the quality of his own work)

Taimbove neseti yezviyero zvairaira kuti vangani nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinofanirwa kuve paskweya inch, uye ndeipi chikamu chenzvimbo yese inofanira kusangana;asi takaona kuti kutarisa nzvimbo yekuonana kwakange kusingaite, uye zvino zvese zvaitwa nekukwenya Iyo master grinder inosarudza huwandu hwemadots per square inch.Muchidimbu, masters ekukwenya kazhinji anoyedza kuwana mwero wemakumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu madotsi paskweya inch.

Mumazuva ano ekutsvaira, magetsi emagetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa kune mamwe maitiro ekuenzanisa.Iwowo rudzi rwekunyora kwemaoko, asi vanogona kubvisa rimwe basa rakaoma uye kuita kuti basa rekukwenya rishaye simba.Hapasati pasisina chinotsiva kunzwa kwekukweva nemaoko paunenge uchiita basa regungano rakanyanya kusimba.

Anebon inotsamira pane yakasimba tekinoroji simba uye inogara ichigadzira tekinoroji yakaoma kuzadzisa zvinodiwaCNC simbi machining, 5-axis CNC kugaya, uye kukanda mota.Ese maonero uye mazano achaongwa zvikuru!Kudyidzana kwakanaka kunogona kuvandudza isu tose mukusimudzira zvirinani!
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