Bakin ƙarfe sanannen abu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen yin injina saboda ƙarfinsa, ƙarfinsa, da juriya ga lalata.Duk da haka, yana iya ba da ƙalubale a cikin aikin injin saboda taurinsa da ɗabi'un aiki.
Anan akwai wasu mahimman la'akari yayin sarrafa bakin karfe:
Zaɓin kayan aiki:
Zaɓin kayan aiki mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa bakin karfe.Kayan aiki na ƙarfe mai sauri sun dace da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, yayin da kayan aikin carbide sun fi dacewa don samar da girma.Kayan aikin da aka rufa kuma na iya inganta aiki da rayuwar kayan aiki.
Gudun yankewa:
Bakin karfe yana buƙatar saurin yankan hankali fiye da kayan laushi don hana zafi da aiki tuƙuru.Matsakaicin saurin yanke shawarar da bakin karfe shine 100 zuwa 350 sfm (ƙafafun saman a cikin minti ɗaya).
Yawan ciyarwa:
Ya kamata a rage ƙimar abinci don bakin karfe don guje wa taurin aiki da lalacewa na kayan aiki.Adadin ciyarwar da aka ba da shawarar shine yawanci 0.001 zuwa 0.010 inci kowane haƙori.
Mai sanyaya:
Mai sanyaya mai dacewa yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa bakin karfe.Ana fifita na'urorin sanyaya masu narkewar ruwa fiye da na'urorin sanyaya mai don gujewa tabo da lalata.Babban mai sanyaya matsi kuma na iya haɓaka ƙaurawar guntu da rayuwar kayan aiki.
Sarrafa guntu:
Sbakin karfe yana samar da dogayen kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu sarkakiya wadanda ke da wahalar sarrafawa.Yin amfani da ɓangarorin guntu ko tsarin kwashe guntu na iya taimakawa hana guntuwar guntu da lalata kayan aiki.
Bakin karfe shine takaitaccen karfen bakin acid mai jurewa.Makin karfen da ke da juriya ga raunanan kafofin watsa labarai masu rauni kamar iska, tururi, da ruwa, ko kuma suna da kaddarorin bakin karfe ana kiransu bakin karfe;Lalacewa) Karfe mai lalacewa ana kiransa ƙarfe mai jure acid.
Bakin karfe yana nufin karfen da ke jure raunin kafofin watsa labarai masu rauni kamar iska, tururi, ruwa, da sinadarai masu lalata kamar su acid, alkali, da gishiri.Ana kuma kiransa da bakin karfe mai juriya.A aikace aikace, karfen da ke jure raunin lalata ana yawan kiransa bakin karfe, kuma karfen da ke jure lalata matsakaicin sinadari ana kiransa karfe mai juriya.Saboda bambancin sinadaran sinadaran da ke tsakanin su biyun, na farko ba lallai ba ne ya jure lalata kafofin watsa labarai na sinadarai, yayin da na karshen ya zama bakin karfe.Juriya na lalata na bakin karfe ya dogara da abubuwan haɗakarwa da ke cikin ƙarfe.
Rukunin gama gari:
Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba zuwa ƙungiyar metallographic:
Gabaɗaya, bakin karfe na yau da kullun ya kasu kashi uku bisa ga tsarin metallographic: bakin karfe austenitic, bakin karfe na ferritic, da bakin karfe na martensitic.A kan waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙarfe guda uku, Duplex Mits, Hazo Hardening bakin karfe, da kuma babban-alloy da 50% aka samo don takamaiman bukatun da dalilai.
1. Austenitic bakin karfe.
Matrix galibi ya ƙunshi tsarin austenite (lokacin CY) tare da tsarin mai siffar cubic crystal mai fuskantar fuska, mara ƙarfi, kuma ana ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar aikin sanyi (kuma yana iya haifar da wasu kaddarorin maganadisu) bakin karfe.Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka tana da lambobi a cikin jerin 200 da 300, kamar 304.
2. Ferritic bakin karfe.
Matrix yafi ferrite (wani lokaci) tare da tsari mai siffar cubic crystal mai tushen jiki.Yana da maganadisu kuma gabaɗaya ba za a iya taurare shi ta hanyar maganin zafi ba, amma aikin sanyi na iya ƙara ƙarfafa shi kaɗan.Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka tana da alamar 430 da 446.
3. Martensitic bakin karfe.
Matrix shine martensitic (cubic-cubic ko cubic), maganadisu, kuma ana iya daidaita kayan aikin injinsa ta hanyar magani mai zafi.Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka tana da lambobi 410, 420 da 440.Martensite yana da tsarin austenite a babban zafin jiki, kuma lokacin da aka sanyaya zuwa zafin jiki a daidai adadin, tsarin austenite zai iya canzawa zuwa martensite (wato, taurare).
4. Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) bakin karfe.
Matrix ɗin yana da duka austenite da ferrite tsari mai kashi biyu, kuma abun ciki na ƙarancin lokaci matrix gabaɗaya ya fi 15%.Yana da maganadisu kuma ana iya ƙarfafa shi ta aikin sanyi.329 shine bakin karfe na duplex na yau da kullun.Idan aka kwatanta da austenitic bakin karfe, duplex karfe yana da babban ƙarfi, intergranular lalata juriya, chloride danniya lalata juriya da pitting lalata juriya an muhimmanci inganta.
5. Hazo hardening bakin karfe.
Matrix shine austenite ko martensite, kuma ana iya taurare ta hazo taurin bakin karfe.Cibiyar Iron da Karfe ta Amurka an yiwa alama da jerin lambobi 600, kamar 630, wanda shine 17-4PH.
Gabaɗaya magana, ban da gami, juriyar lalata na bakin karfe austenitic yana da inganci.A cikin ƙasa mai lalacewa, ana iya amfani da bakin karfe na ferritic.A cikin yanayi mai laushi mai laushi, idan ana buƙatar kayan don samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ko babban tauri, ana iya amfani da bakin karfe na martensitic da hazo mai taurin bakin karfe.
Fasaloli da amfani:
Maganin saman:
Bambancin kauri
1. Domin kuwacnc milling karfeinjina suna cikin jujjuyawar, rolls ɗin suna ɗan lalacewa ta hanyar zafi, wanda ke haifar da sabani a cikin kaurin faranti na birgima, waɗanda gabaɗaya sun fi kauri a tsakiya kuma sun fi sirara a bangarorin biyu.Lokacin auna kaurin allon, jihar ta tanadi cewa ya kamata a auna tsakiyar bangaren shugaban hukumar.
2. Dalilin haƙuri shi ne, bisa ga kasuwa da bukatun abokan ciniki, gabaɗaya an raba shi zuwa babban haƙuri da ƙaramin haƙuri: misali.
Wani irin bakin karfe ne ba sauki ga tsatsa?
Akwai manyan abubuwa guda uku da suka shafi lalatamachined bakin karfe:
1. Abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
Gabaɗaya magana, ƙarfe mai abun ciki na chromium na 10.5% ba shi da sauƙin tsatsa.Mafi girman abun ciki na chromium da nickel, mafi kyawun juriya na lalata.Alal misali, abun ciki na nickel a cikin kayan 304 ya kamata ya zama 8-10%, kuma abun ciki na chromium ya kamata ya kai 18-20%.Irin wannan bakin karfe ba zai yi tsatsa a karkashin yanayi na al'ada ba.
2. Tsarin narkewa na masana'antar samarwa kuma zai shafi juriyar lalata na bakin karfe.
Manyan masana'antun bakin karfe tare da fasaha mai kyau na narkewa, kayan aiki na ci gaba da fasahar ci gaba na iyaba da garantin sarrafa abubuwan gami, kawar da ƙazanta, da sarrafa zafin sanyi na billet.Sabili da haka, ingancin samfurin yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma abin dogara, tare da inganci mai kyau na ciki kuma ba shi da sauƙi ga tsatsa.Akasin haka, wasu ƙananan masana'antun ƙarfe suna da kayan aiki na baya da fasaha na baya.A lokacin aikin narkewa, ba za a iya cire ƙazanta ba, kuma samfuran da aka samar za su yi tsatsa ba makawa.
3. Yanayi na waje, bushewa da iska mai kyau ba shi da sauƙi ga tsatsa.
Yanayin iska yana da girma, ci gaba da yanayin ruwan sama, ko yankin muhalli tare da babban pH a cikin iska yana da sauƙin tsatsa.304 bakin karfe, idan yanayin da ke kewaye ya yi muni sosai, zai yi tsatsa.
Yadda za a magance tsatsa a kan bakin karfe?
1. Hanyar sinadarai
Yi amfani da kirim mai tsami ko fesa don taimakawa sake jujjuya sassan da suka lalace don samar da fim ɗin chromium oxide don dawo da juriyar lalata.Bayan pickling, don cire duk gurɓataccen abu da ragowar acid, yana da matukar muhimmanci a wanke da kyau tare da ruwa mai tsabta.Bayan duk jiyya, sake gogewa tare da kayan aikin gogewa kuma hatimi tare da kakin zuma mai gogewa.Ga waɗanda ke da ƙananan tsatsa, za ku iya amfani da 1: 1 cakuda man fetur da man inji don shafe tsatsa da tsutsa mai tsabta.
2. Hanyar inji
Yashi mai fashewa, harbe-harbe tare da gilashi ko yumbu, gogewa, gogewa da gogewa.Yana yiwuwa a goge gurɓata da injina daga kayan da aka cire a baya, kayan goge baki ko kayan shafewa.Kowane irin gurɓataccen abu, musamman baƙin ƙarfe na waje, na iya zama tushen lalacewa, musamman a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano.Don haka, ya kamata a tsaftace wuraren da aka goge da injiniyoyi da kyau a ƙarƙashin bushewa.Yin amfani da hanyoyin injiniya zai iya tsaftace farfajiya kawai, kuma ba zai iya canza juriya na lalata kayan kanta ba.Sabili da haka, ana ba da shawarar sake gogewa tare da kayan aikin gogewa bayan tsaftacewa na injiniya da hatimi tare da kakin zuma.
Bakin ƙarfe maki da kaddarorin da aka saba amfani da su a cikin kayan kida
1. 304cnc bakin karfe.Yana daya daga cikin bakin karfe austenitic da aka fi amfani dashi.Ya dace da kera sassan da aka zana mai zurfi da bututun acid, kwantena, sassan tsari, da jikin kayan aiki daban-daban.Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don kera kayan aikin da ba na maganadisu ba, ƙananan zafin jiki da sashi.
2. 304L bakin karfe.Don magance mummunan yanayin lalata na 304 bakin karfe a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi saboda hazo na Cr23C6, ƙarancin ƙarancin carbon austenitic bakin karfe yana haɓaka, kuma juriya ga lalata intergranular a cikin yanayin hankali yana da kyau fiye da na na 304 bakin karfe.Sai dai dan ƙaramin ƙarfi, sauran kaddarorin iri ɗaya ne da bakin karfe 321.An fi amfani dashi don kayan aikin lalata da kumadaidai juya sassawanda ba zai iya zama m bayani bi da bayan waldi.Ana iya amfani da shi don kera jikin kayan aiki daban-daban, da sauransu.
3. 304H bakin karfe.Reshe na ciki na bakin karfe 304 yana da juzu'i na carbon taro na 0.04% -0.10%, kuma yawan zafinsa ya fi na 304 bakin karfe.
4. 316 bakin karfe.Ƙara molybdenum bisa 10Cr18Ni12 karfe yana sa ƙarfe ya sami juriya mai kyau don rage matsakaici da juriya na lalata.A cikin ruwan teku da sauran kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban, juriya na lalata ya fi 304 bakin karfe, kuma ana amfani dashi galibi don pitting kayan juriya.
5. 316L bakin karfe.Ultra-low carbon karfe, tare da mai kyau juriya ga sensitized intergranular lalata, ya dace da yi na welded sassa da kayan aiki tare da lokacin farin ciki giciye-section girma, kamar lalata-resistant kayan a petrochemical kayan aiki.
6. 316H bakin karfe.Reshe na ciki na bakin karfe 316 yana da juzu'i na carbon taro na 0.04% -0.10%, kuma yawan zafinsa ya fi na 316 bakin karfe.
7. 317 bakin karfe.Juriya na lalatawa da juriya mai rarrafe sun fi 316L bakin karfe, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen kera petrochemical da kayan juriya na acid Organic.
8. 321 bakin karfe.Titanium-stabilized austenitic bakin karfe, ƙara titanium don inganta intergranular lalata juriya, kuma yana da kyau high-zazzabi inji Properties, za a iya maye gurbinsu da matsananci-low carbon austenitic bakin karfe.Sai dai lokuta na musamman kamar babban zafin jiki ko juriya na lalata hydrogen, ba a ba da shawarar don amfani gaba ɗaya ba.
9. 347 bakin karfe.Niobium-stabilized austenitic bakin karfe, ƙara niobium don inganta intergranular lalata juriya, lalata juriya a cikin acid, alkali, gishiri da sauran m kafofin watsa labarai ne iri daya da 321 bakin karfe, mai kyau waldi yi, za a iya amfani da matsayin lalata-resistant kayan da Hot karfe. An fi amfani da shi a cikin wutar lantarki da filayen petrochemical, kamar yin kwantena, bututu, masu musayar zafi, shafts, bututun tanderu a cikin tanderun masana'antu, da ma'aunin zafin jiki na tanderun bututu.
10.904L bakin karfe.Super cikakken austenitic bakin karfe babban bakin karfe ne wanda Kamfanin Outokumpu na Finland ya kirkira.Yawan juzu'in nickel ɗin sa shine 24% -26%, juzu'in ƙwayar carbon ɗin bai wuce 0.02% ba, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata., Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalatawa a cikin abubuwan da ba su da oxidizing kamar su sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata da damuwa da damuwa.Ya dace da sulfuric acid na nau'i-nau'i daban-daban da ke ƙasa da 70 ° C, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata a cikin acetic acid na kowane taro da zafin jiki a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba na al'ada da kuma gauraye acid na formic acid da acetic acid.Asalin daidaitaccen ASMESB-625 ya ƙirƙira shi azaman gami da tushen nickel, kuma sabon ma'aunin ya rarraba shi azaman bakin karfe.Kasar Sin kawai tana da irin wannan nau'in karfe na 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2, kuma wasu ƴan masana'antun kayan aikin Turai suna amfani da bakin karfe na 904L azaman maɓalli.Misali, bututun ma'aunin ma'aunin mita na E+H an yi shi da bakin karfe 904L, kuma yanayin agogon Rolex shima an yi shi da bakin karfe 904L.
11.440C bakin karfe.Bakin Karfe na Martensitic yana da mafi girman taurin tsakanin bakin karfe da bakin karfe, tare da taurin HRC57.An fi amfani dashi don yin nozzles, bearings, valve cores, bawul kujeru, hannayen riga, bawul mai tushe, da dai sauransu.
12. 17-4PH bakin karfe.Martensitic hazo hardening bakin karfe, tare da taurin HRC44, yana da babban ƙarfi, taurin da kuma lalata juriya, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi a yanayin zafi sama da 300°C.Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata yanayi da diluted acid ko gishiri.Juriyar lalatarsa daidai yake da na bakin karfe 304 da bakin karfe 430.Ana amfani da shi don kera dandamali na ketare, injin turbine, cores na bawul, kujerun bawul, hannayen riga, da mai tushe.jira.
A fagen kayan aiki, haɗe tare da versatility da kuma farashi al'amurran da suka shafi, da al'ada austenitic bakin karfe zaɓi jerin ne 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L bakin karfe, wanda 317 ne kasa amfani, 321 ba da shawarar. , kuma 347 ana amfani da shi Saboda babban zafin jiki da juriya na lalata, 904L shine kawai tsoho abu don wasu sassa na masana'antun guda ɗaya, kuma 904L gabaɗaya ba a zaɓa cikin ƙira ba.
A cikin zane da zaɓi na kayan aiki, yawanci akwai lokuta inda kayan kayan aiki ya bambanta da na bututu, musamman a yanayin zafi mai zafi.Dole ne a ba da hankali na musamman don ko zaɓin kayan aikin kayan aiki ya dace da yanayin ƙira da ƙirar ƙirar kayan aiki ko bututun mai, kamar bututun ƙarfe Yana da zafi mai zafi na chrome-molybdenum karfe, kuma kayan aikin an yi shi da bakin karfe.A wannan lokacin, ana iya fuskantar matsaloli.Wajibi ne don tuntuɓar zafin jiki da ma'aunin matsa lamba na kayan da suka dace.
A cikin ƙira da zaɓi na kayan aiki, bakin karfe na tsarin daban-daban, jeri, da maki ana yawan cin karo da su.Lokacin zabar nau'ikan, ya kamata a yi la'akari da matsalolin daga kusurwoyi da yawa kamar ƙayyadaddun kafofin watsa labarai na tsari, zafin jiki, matsa lamba, sassan da aka damuwa, lalata, da farashi.
Ci gaba da haɓakawa, don tabbatar da ingancin samfur daidai da daidaitattun buƙatun kasuwa da abokin ciniki.Anebon yana da tsarin tabbatar da inganci an kafa shi don High Quality 2022 Hot Sales Plastic POM ABS Na'urorin Hakowa CNC Machining Juya Sashin Sabis, Amintaccen Anebon kuma zaku sami ƙarin yawa.Tabbatar da gaske jin kyauta don tuntuɓar mu don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, Anebon ya tabbatar muku da mafi kyawun kulawar mu a kowane lokaci.
Ingantattun kayan gyara mota, sassa masu niƙa da ƙarfe da aka juya da ƙarfe waɗanda aka yi a China Anebon.Samfuran Anebon sun sami ƙarin karbuwa daga abokan ciniki na ƙasashen waje, kuma sun kafa dangantakar dogon lokaci da haɗin gwiwa tare da su.Anebon zai samar da mafi kyawun sabis ga kowane abokin ciniki kuma yana maraba da abokai da gaske don yin aiki tare da Anebon da kafa fa'ida tare.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-21-2023