Insimbi engagqwali iyinto ethandwayo esetshenziswa ekwenzeni imishini ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqwala.Kodwa-ke, ingaphinda ilethe izinselelo enqubweni yokwenza imishini ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kanye nokuthambekela kokuqina komsebenzi.
Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho wenza insimbi engagqwali:
Ukukhetha ithuluzi:
Ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele kubalulekile ekwenzeni insimbi engagqwali.Amathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esiphezulu afaneleka ekusetshenzisweni kwevolumu ephansi, kanti amathuluzi e-carbide afaneleka kangcono ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu.Amathuluzi amboziwe angathuthukisa nokusebenza kanye nempilo yamathuluzi.
Isivinini sokusika:
Insimbi engagqwali idinga isivinini sokusika esihamba kancane kunezinto ezithambile ukuvikela ukushisa ngokweqile nokusebenza lukhuni.Ibanga lejubane elinconywayo lokusika lensimbi engagqwali ngu-100 kuya ku-350 sfm (izinyawo ezingaphezulu ngomzuzu).
Izinga lokuphakelayo:
Izinga lokuphakela kwensimbi engagqwali kufanele lincishiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukuqina komsebenzi nokuguga kwamathuluzi.Izinga lokuphakelayo elinconyiwe livamise ukuba amayintshi angu-0.001 kuya ku-0.010 ngezinyo ngalinye.
Ukupholisa:
Isipholile esifanele sibalulekile ekwenzeni insimbi engagqwali.Izinto ezipholisa amanzi ezincibilika emanzini zikhethwa kakhulu kunezipholile ezisuselwa kuwoyela ukuze kugwenywe ukubola nokugqwala.Isipholile esinengcindezi ephezulu singaphinde sithuthukise ukuphuma kwe-chip nempilo yamathuluzi.
Ukulawulwa kwe-chip:
Sinsimbi engagqwali ikhiqiza ama-chips amade, anezintambo okungaba nzima ukuwalawula.Ukusebenzisa ama-chip breaker noma amasistimu okukhipha ama-chip kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kwe-chip nokulimala kwamathuluzi.
Insimbi engagqwali isifinyezo sensimbi engagqwali ne-acid-resistant.Amamaki ensimbi amelana nemithombo yezindaba ebolayo ebuthakathaka njengomoya, isitimu, namanzi, noma anezinto ezingenasici abizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali;Ukugqwala) Insimbi egqwalile ibizwa ngensimbi engamelana ne-asidi.
Insimbi engagqwali isho insimbi imelana nemithombo yemali ebolayo ebuthakathaka njengomoya, isitimu, amanzi, nemidiya edla amakhemikhali njenge-asidi, i-alkali, nosawoti.Ibizwa nangokuthi insimbi engagqwali engamelana ne-asidi.Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, insimbi imelana nendawo yokugqwala ebuthaka ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali, futhi insimbi imelana nokugqwala okuphakathi kwamakhemikhali ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engamelana ne-asidi.Ngenxa yomehluko ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwalokhu kokubili, eyokuqala ayimelani ngempela nokugqwala kwemithombo yamakhemikhali, kuyilapho yakamuva ngokuvamile ayinabala.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kuncike ezintweni ze-alloying eziqukethwe ensimbi.
Izigaba ezijwayelekile:
Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngenhlangano ye-metallographic:
Ngokuvamile, insimbi engagqwali evamile ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngesakhiwo se-metallographic: insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, nensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic.Ngokwesisekelo salezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-metallographic, izinsimbi eziyi-duplex, imvula eqinisa insimbi engagqwali, nezinsimbi ezinengxubevange ephezulu ezinokuqukethwe kwensimbi okungaphansi kuka-50% zithathelwa izidingo nezinjongo ezithile.
1. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic.
I-matrix ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ngesakhiwo se-austenite (isigaba se-CY) esinobuso obumaphakathi nesakhiwo se-cubic crystal, esingenazibuthe, futhi siqiniswa ikakhulukazi ukusebenza okubandayo (futhi kungase kuholele ezintweni ezithile kazibuthe) insimbi engagqwali.I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ngezinombolo ochungechungeni lwama-200 no-300, njenge-304.
2. Ferritic insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix ngokuyinhloko iyi-ferrite (isigaba) enesakhiwo sekristalu eyi-cubic egxile emzimbeni.Inguzibuthe futhi ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukwenziwa lukhuni ukwelashwa ngokushisa, kodwa ukusebenza okubandayo kungayenza iqine kancane.I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe nge-430 kanye ne-446.
3. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic.
I-matrix yi-martensitic (i-cubic egxile emzimbeni noma i-cubic), kazibuthe, futhi izakhiwo zayo zokukhanda zingalungiswa ngokuphathwa ukushisa.I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ngezinombolo ezingama-410, 420 nezingu-440.I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-austenite ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi lapho ipholile ekamelweni lokushisa ngesilinganiso esifanele, isakhiwo se-austenite singashintsha sibe yi-martensite (okungukuthi, lukhuni).
4. I-Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix inokubili ukwakheka kwezigaba ezimbili ze-austenite ne-ferrite, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-matrix yesigaba esincane ngokuvamile kungaphezu kuka-15%.Inguzibuthe futhi ingaqiniswa ukusebenza okubandayo.I-329 iyinsimbi engagqwali eyiduplex ejwayelekile.Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi eyi-duplex inamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride nokuqina kwe-pitting corrosion kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
5. Izulu liqinisa insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix iyi-austenite noma i-martensite, futhi ingaqiniswa imvula eyenza insimbi engagqwali ibe lukhuni.I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ngezinombolo zochungechunge ezingama-600, njenge-630, okuyi-17-4PH.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwama-alloys, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-austenitic stainless steel kuhle kakhulu.Endaweni engagqwali kangako, kungasetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic.Endaweni eyonaka kalula, uma okokusebenza kudingeka ukuthi kube namandla aphezulu noma ubulukhuni obuphezulu, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nemvula eqinisa insimbi engagqwali ingasetshenziswa.
Izici kanye nokusetshenziswa:
Ukwelashwa kwendawo:
Ukwehlukana kokuqina
1. Ngoba icnc insimbi yokugayaImishini isenqubweni yokugingqika, amaroli abonakele kancane ngenxa yokushisa, okuholela ekuphambukeni kogqinsi lwamapuleti agoqiwe, ngokuvamile aba ugqinsi phakathi nendawo futhi abe mancane nhlangothi zombili.Lapho ukala ubukhulu bebhodi, umbuso ubeka ukuthi ingxenye ephakathi yekhanda lebhodi kufanele ilinganiswe.
2. Isizathu sokubekezelelana ukuthi ngokwezidingo zemakethe kanye nekhasimende, ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba ukubekezelelana okukhulu nokubekezelelana okuncane: isibonelo.
Hlobo luni lwensimbi engagqwali okungelula ukugqwala?
Kunezici ezintathu eziyinhloko ezithinta ukugqwala kwengomshini insimbi engagqwali:
1. Okuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying.
Ngokuvamile, insimbi enokuqukethwe kwe-chromium engu-10.5% akulula ukugqwala.Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium ne-nickel, kuba ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala.Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ezintweni ezingu-304 kufanele kube ngu-8-10%, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kufanele kufinyelele ku-18-20%.Insimbi enjalo engenasici ngeke igqwale ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
2. Inqubo yokuncibilikisa yebhizinisi lokukhiqiza izophinde ithinte ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali.
Izimboni ezinkulu zensimbi engagqwali ezinobuchwepheshe obuhle bokuncibilikisa, imishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambiliiqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwezakhi ze-alloy, ukususwa kokungcola, nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lokupholisa i-billet.Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo izinzile futhi inokwethenjelwa, enekhwalithi enhle yangaphakathi futhi akulula ukugqwala.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izigayo zensimbi ezincane zinemishini ebuyela emuva kanye nobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva.Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilikisa, ukungcola akukwazi ukususwa, futhi imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo nakanjani izogqwala.
3. Indawo yangaphandle, indawo eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle akulula ukugqwala.
Umswakama womoya uphezulu, isimo sezulu esinemvula eqhubekayo, noma indawo yemvelo ene-pH ephezulu emoyeni kulula ukugqwala.304 insimbi engagqwali, uma indawo ezungezile iyimbi kakhulu, izogqwala.
Indlela yokubhekana namabala okugqwala ensimbi engagqwali?
1. Indlela yamakhemikhali
Sebenzisa ukhilimu we-pickle noma isifutho ukusiza ukudlula kabusha kwezingxenye ezigqwalile ukuze wakhe ifilimu ye-chromium oxide ukuze ubuyisele ukumelana nokugqwala.Ngemuva kokukhetha, ukuze ususe zonke izinto ezingcolile nezinsalela ze-asidi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile.Ngemuva kwakho konke ukwelashwa, phinda upholisha ngezinto zokupholisha bese uvala nge-wax yokupholisha.Kulabo abanezindawo zokugqwala ezincane, ungasebenzisa futhi ingxube kaphethiloli engu-1:1 namafutha enjini ukuze usule izindawo zokugqwala ngeragi ehlanzekile.
2. Indlela yemishini
Ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi, ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu ngengilazi noma izinhlayiya zobumba, ukubola, ukuxubha nokupholisha.Kuyenzeka ukusule ngomshini ukusuleleka ezintweni ezikhishwe ngaphambilini, izinto zokupholisha noma izinto ezishabalalisayo.Zonke izinhlobo zokungcola, ikakhulukazi izinhlayiya zensimbi zangaphandle, zingaba umthombo wokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama.Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezihlanzwa ngomshini kufanele zihlanzwe kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile.Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zemishini kungahlanza kuphela indawo, futhi akukwazi ukushintsha ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ngokwazo.Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba uphinde upholise ngemishini yokupholisha ngemva kokuhlanza ngomshini futhi uvale nge-wax yokupholisha.
Amamaki ensimbi engagqwali kanye nezakhiwo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kumathuluzi
1. 304cnc insimbi engagqwali.Ingenye yezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.Ilungele ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezidonswe ngokujulile namapayipi e-asidi, iziqukathi, izingxenye zesakhiwo, kanye nemizimba yezinsimbi ehlukahlukene.Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza imishini engeyona i-magnetic, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengxenye.
2. 304L insimbi engagqwali.Ukuze kuxazululwe ukugqwala okujulile kwe-intergranular kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ngenxa yemvula ye-Cr23C6, i-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel iyathuthukiswa, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-intergranular esimweni esizwelayo kungcono kakhulu kune 304 insimbi engagqwali.Ngaphandle kwamandla aphansi kancane, ezinye izakhiwo ziyafana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321.Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imishini ukumelana nokugqwala futhiukunemba waphenduka izingxenyelokho akukwazi ukuba yisixazululo esiqinile esiphathwe ngemuva kokushisela.Ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha imizimba yezinsimbi ehlukahlukene, njll.
3. 304H insimbi engagqwali.Igatsha langaphakathi le-304 insimbi engagqwali inengxenye ye-carbon mass engu-0.04% -0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kungcono kunaleyo ye-304 yensimbi engagqwali.
4. 316 insimbi engagqwali.Ukwengeza i-molybdenum ngesisekelo sensimbi engu-10Cr18Ni12 kwenza insimbi ibe nokumelana okuhle nokunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakathi nendawo.Emanzini olwandle nakweminye imidiya ehlukahlukene, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunensimbi engagqwali engama-304, futhi kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufaka izinto ezimelana nokugqwala.
5. 316L insimbi engagqwali.I-Ultra-low carbon steel, enokumelana kahle nokugqwala kwe-intergranular okuzwelayo, ifaneleka ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezishiselwe kanye namathuluzi anobukhulu obuyindilinga obuyisiphambano, njengezinto ezimelana nokugqwala emishinini ye-petrochemical.
6. 316H insimbi engagqwali.Igatsha langaphakathi le-316 insimbi engagqwali inengxenye ye-carbon mass engu-0.04% -0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokushisa okuphezulu kungcono kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-316.
7. 317 insimbi engagqwali.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokumelana nokukhasa kungcono kune-316L yensimbi engagqwali, esetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-petrochemical and organic acid resistant corrosion equipment.
8. 321 insimbi engagqwali.I-Titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, ingeza i-titanium ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, futhi inezici ezinhle zomshini zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ingathathelwa indawo yi-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel.Ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezikhethekile ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukumelana ne-hydrogen corrosion, akunconyelwe ukusetshenziswa okuvamile.
9. 347 insimbi engagqwali.I-Niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, enezela i-niobium ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, ukumelana nokugqwala ku-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti kanye neminye imidiya egqwalayo kuyafana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321, ukusebenza kahle kwe-welding, ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kanye nensimbi Eshisayo. isetshenziswa kakhulu emandleni ashisayo nasezindaweni ze-petrochemical, njengokwenza iziqukathi, amapayipi, izishintshi zokushisa, ama-shafts, amashubhu esithandweni somlilo ezithandweni zezimboni, nama-thermometers eshubhu lomlilo.
10. 904L insimbi engagqwali.I-Super complete austenitic stainless steel iyinsimbi engagqwali eyi-austenitic eqanjwe yi-Outokumpu Company of Finland.Ingxenye yayo ye-nickel mass ingama-24% -26%, ingxenyenamba ye-carbon mass ingaphansi kuka-0.02%, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu., inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kuma-asidi anga-oxidizing njenge-sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-formic acid, i-phosphoric acid, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwe-crevice kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi.Ifanele i-sulfuric acid yokugxila okuhlukahlukene ngaphansi kuka-70 ° C, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwe-acetic yanoma yikuphi ukugxila kanye nezinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile kanye ne-asidi exubile ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid.Izinga langempela le-ASMESB-625 liyihlukanise njengengxube ye-nickel-based alloy, futhi izinga elisha layihlukanisa njengensimbi engagqwali.I-China inezinga elifanayo kuphela lensimbi engu-015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2, futhi abakhiqizi bezinsimbi abambalwa baseYurophu basebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-904L njengento eyinhloko.Isibonelo, ishubhu yokulinganisa yemitha yokugeleza kwenqwaba ye-E+H yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-904L, kanti ikesi lamawashi e-Rolex nalo lenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-904L.
11. 440C insimbi engagqwali.Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic inokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali eqinile nensimbi engagqwali, enobulukhuni be-HRC57.Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-nozzles, ama-bearings, ama-valve cores, izihlalo ze-valve, imikhono, iziqu ze-valve, njll.
12. 17-4PH insimbi engagqwali.Imvula ye-Martensitic eqinisa insimbi engagqwali, enobulukhuni be-HRC44, inamandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni nokungagqwali, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-300°C.Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle emkhathini kanye ne-asidi ehlanjululwe noma usawoti.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuyafana nalokho kwensimbi engagqwali engama-304 kanye nensimbi engagqwali engama-430.Isetshenziselwa ukwakha amapulatifomu angaphesheya kwezilwandle, ama-turbine blades, ama-valve cores, izihlalo zamavalvu, imikhono, neziqu ze-valve.linda.
Emkhakheni wezinsimbi, kuhlanganiswe nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindleko, ukulandelana okujwayelekile kwe-austenitic stainless steel stainless yi-304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L insimbi engagqwali, lapho i-317 isetshenziswa kancane, i-321 ayinconywa. , kanye ne-347 isetshenziswa Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqwala, i-904L iyinto ezenzakalelayo kuphela yezingxenye ezithile zabakhiqizi ngabanye, futhi i-904L ngokuvamile ayikhethiwe ngokusebenzayo ekwakhiweni.
Ekwakheni nasekukhethweni kwezinsimbi, kuvame ukuba nezikhathi lapho izinto zensimbi zihlukile kunezombhobho, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokushisa eziphezulu.Kumelwe kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi ukukhetha kwezinto zensimbi kuyahlangabezana yini nezinga lokushisa lokuklama kanye nengcindezi yedizayini yesisetshenziswa senqubo noma ipayipi, elifana nepayipi Kuyinsimbi enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ye-chrome-molybdenum, futhi insimbi yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali.Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkinga zingenzeka.Kuyadingeka ukuthi uthintane nesilinganiso sokushisa nengcindezi yezinto ezifanele.
Ekwakheni nasekukhethweni kwezinsimbi, izinsimbi ezingenasici zezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, uchungechunge, namabanga kuvame ukuhlangana nazo.Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo, izinkinga kufanele zibhekwe kuma-engeli amaningi njengemidiya ethile yenqubo, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izingxenye ezigcizelelwe, ukugqwala, kanye nezindleko.
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Izinsimbi eziyisipele ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izingxenye zokugaya nensimbi eziphendulwe izingxenye Zenziwe e-China Anebon.Imikhiqizo ye-Anebon iye yatholwa ukuqashelwa okwengeziwe nangokwengeziwe kumakhasimende angaphandle, futhi yasungulwa ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nokubambisana nawo.I-Anebon izohlinzeka ngesevisi engcono kakhulu yawo wonke amakhasimende futhi yamukele abangani ngobuqotho ukuthi basebenze ne-Anebon futhi basungule inzuzo efanayo ndawonye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-21-2023