Qof kastaa wuu yaqaan dunta.Anagoo ah asxaabta warshadaha wax soo saarka, waxaan inta badan u baahanahay inaan ku darno dunta iyadoo loo eegayo baahiyaha macaamiisha marka la farsameynayo qalabka qalabka sidaQaybaha mashiinka CNC, Qaybaha leexashada CNCiyoQaybaha wax-shiidka ee CNC.
1. Waa maxay duntu?
Dulku waa helix loo gooyay qayb ka mid ah dibadda ama gudaha.Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee duntu waa:
1. Samee isku xirka farsamada adoo isku daraya alaabta dunta gudaha iyo alaabta dunta dibadda.
2. Ku wareeji dhaqdhaqaaqa adiga oo u beddelaya dhaqdhaqaaqa wareegtada oo u beddelaya dhaqdhaqaaq toosan iyo beddelkeeda.
3. Hel faa'iidooyinka farsamada.
2. Taxanaha astaanta iyo ereybixinta
Muuqaalka dunta ayaa go'aamisa joomatari dunta, oo ay ku jiraan dhexroorka shaqada (weyn, garoonka, iyo dhexrooryada yaryar);xagal profile dun;garoonka iyo xagal helix.
1. Ereyada dunta
① Bottom: Dusha hoose ee isku xidha labada garab ee dunta isku xigta.
② gar: oogada dhinaca dunta ee isku xidha cidhifka iyo gunta iliga.
③Crest: Oogada sare ee isku xidha labada garab.
P = garoon, mm ama dunta halkii inch (tpi)
ß = xagal profile
ϕ = xagal cirfiid ah
d = dhexroor weyn oo dunta dibadda ah
D = dhexroor weyn ee dunta gudaha
d1 = dhexroor yar oo dunta dibadda ah
D1 = Dhexroor yar oo dunta gudaha ah
d2 = dhexroorka dunta dibadda
D2 = dhexroorka dunta gudaha
Dhexroorka garoonka, d2/D2
Dhexroor wax ku ool ah ee dunta.Qiyaastii kala badh u dhexeeya dhexrooryada waaweyn iyo kuwa yar yar.
Joomatari duntu waxay ku salaysan tahay dhexroorka dunta dunta (d, D) iyo garoonka (P): fogaanta axial ee ay weheliyaan dunta ku taal workpiece ka hal dhibic profile ilaa barta ku xigta ee u dhiganta.Tan waxa kale oo loo arki karaa sidii saddex xagal oo hareer maraysa shaqada.
vc = xawaaraha goynta (m/min)
ap = wadarta qoto dheer ee dunta (mm)
hurdo = wadarta qoto dheer ee dunta (mm)
tpi = dunta halkii inch
Quudinta = garoon
2. Muuqaalka dunta caadiga ah
1. Xisaabinta iyo dulqaadka dhexroorka dunta dibadda ee 60° nooca ilig (heer qaran GB197/196)
a.Xisaabinta cabbirka aasaasiga ah ee dhexroorka garoonka
Baaxadda aasaasiga ah ee dhexroorka dunta = dhexroorka ugu weyn ee dunta - qiimaha cabbirka x.
Qaabka matalaada: d/DP×0.6495
2. Xisaabinta iyo dulqaadka dhexroorka garoonka ee 60° dunta gudaha (GB197/196)
a.6H heerka duleel dhexroor garoonka dunta (oo ku salaysan garoonka dunta)
Xadka sare:
P0.8+0.125P1.00+0.150P1.25+0.16P1.5+0.180
P1.25+0.00P2.0+0.212P2.5+0.224
Qiimaha xadka hoose waa "0",
Qaaciddada xisaabinta xadka sare ee 2+TD2 waa cabbirka aasaasiga ah + dulqaadka.
Tusaale ahaan, dhexroorka garoonka M8-6H dunta gudaha waa: 7.188+0.160=7.348 Xadka sare: 7.188 waa xadka hoose.
b.Habka xisaabinta ee dhexroorka garoonka ee dunta gudaha waxay la mid tahay tan dunta dibadda
Taasi waa, D2 = DP × 0.6495, taas oo ah, dhexroorka dhexe ee dunta gudaha waxay la mid tahay dhexroorka weyn ee dunta-pitch × qiimaha isugeynta.
c.6G heerka dunta dunta dhexroorka garoonka dhexroorka weecasho ee aasaasiga ah E1 (ku salaysan dunta dunta)
P0.8+0.024P1.00+0.026P1.25+0.028P1.5+0.032
P1.75+0.034P1.00+0.026P2.5+0.042
3. Xisaabinta iyo dulqaadka dhexroorka weyn ee dunta dibadda (GB197/196)
a.Xadka sare ee dhexroorka weyn ee 6h ee dunta dibadda
Taasi waa, dhexroorka dunta qiimaha tusaale ahaan M8 waa φ8.00 iyo dulqaadka xadka sare waa "0".
b.Dulqaadka qiimaha hoose ee dhexroorka weyn ee fasalka 6h ee dunta dibadda (oo ku salaysan garoonka dunta)
P0.8-0.15P1.00-0.18P1.25-0.212P1.5-0.236P1.75-0.265
P2.0-0.28P2.5-0.335
Qaaciddada xisaabinta ee xadka hoose ee dhexroorka weyn: d-Td waa cabbirka aasaasiga ah ee dhexroorka weyn ee dunta - dulqaadka.
4. Xisaabinta iyo dulqaadka dhexroorka yar ee dunta gudaha
a.Xisaabinta cabbirka aasaasiga ah ee dhexroorka yar ee dunta gudaha (D1)
Baaxadda aasaasiga ah ee dhexroorka yar ee dunta = cabbirka aasaasiga ah ee dunta gudaha - garoonka × factor
5. Qaaciddada xisaabinta ee qaybinta madaxa hab qaybin keli ah
Qaacidada xisaabinta ee habka qaybinta: n=40/Z
n: tirada kacaanka ee madaxa qaybintu ay tahay inuu rogo
Z: Qayb siman oo ka mid ah qalabka shaqada
40: tirada go'an ee qaybinta madaxa
6. Qaaciddada xisaabinta ee hexagon oo goobaabin lagu qoray
① Soo hel dhinaca laba geesoodka ah ee ka soo horjeeda (S dusha sare) ee goobada D
S=0.866D waa dhexroor×0.866
② Ka xisaabi dhexroorka goobada (D) ee dhinacyada iska soo horjeeda ee saddex geesoodka (korka S)
D=1.1547S waa dhinac kasoo horjeeda×1.1547
7. Habka xisaabinta ee dhinacyada laba geesoodka ah iyo geesoodka ee habka ciwaanka qabow
① Ka hel xagasha ka soo horjeeda e dhanka ka soo horjeeda (S) ee saddex geesoodka dibadda
e=1.13s waa dhinac kasoo horjeeda×1.13
②Ka hel xagasha ka soo horjeeda (e) dhanka ka soo horjeeda ee saddex geesoodka gudaha
e=1.14s waa dhinac kasoo horjeeda×1.14
③ Soo hel dhexroorka sheyga madaxa geesta ka soo horjeeda (D) dhanka ka soo horjeeda ee saddex geesoodka
Dhexroorka goobada (D) waa in loo xisaabiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo (qaabka labaad ee 6) dhinaca laba geesoodka ah ee ka soo horjeeda (korka sare), iyo qiimaha dhexe ee la dhimay waa in si habboon loo kordhiyaa, taas oo ah, D≥1.1547s.Inta ay le'eg tahay xarunta la dhimay waxaa lagu qiyaasi karaa oo kaliya.
8. Qaaciddada xisaabinta ee labajibbaaran ee ku qoran goobada
① Goobaabin (D) si aad u heshid dhinaca ka soo horjeeda afargeeska (korka S)
S=0.7071D waa dhexroor ×0.7071
② Ka hel goobada (D) ee dhinacyada iska soo horjeeda ee labajibbaaran (korka S)
D=1.414S waa dhinac kasoo horjeeda×1.414
9. Habka xisaabinta ee dhinacyada labajibbaaran ee iska soo horjeeda iyo xaglaha iska soo horjeeda ee habka ciwaanka qabow
① Ka hel xagasha ka soo horjeeda (e) dhanka ka soo horjeeda (S) ee afar geesaha dibadda
e=1.4s waa dhinaca ka soo horjeeda (-yada)×1.4
② Ka hel xagasha ka soo horjeeda (e) dhanka ka soo horjeeda ee afargeeska gudaha
e=1.45s waa dhinaca ka soo horjeeda (-yada) × 1.45 iskuxirnaan
10. Habka xisaabinta mugga lix-geesoodka
s20.866×H/m/k macnaheedu waa dhinac kasoo horjeeda×0.866× dhererka ama dhumucda.
11. Qaaciddada xisaabinta ee mugga jahawareerka (koobta) jirka
0.262H(D2+d2+D×d) waa 0.262× Dherer ×(dhexroorka madaxa wayn × dhexroorka madaxa wayn+ dhexroorka madaxa yar × dhexroor madaxa yar
12. Qaaciddada xisaabinta ee mugga jirka wareegsan (sida madaxa wareega wareega)
3.1416h2(Rh/3) waa 3.1416×dherer×dherer×(radius –dhererka÷3).
13. Qaaciddada xisaabinta cabbirrada mashiinnada tuubooyinka dunta gudaha
1. Xisaabinta dhexroorka weyn ee tuubada D0
D0=D＋(0.866025P/8)×(0.5~1.3) waa cabbirka aasaasiga ah ee dunta dhexroorka weyn ee tuubada + 0.866025 garoonka ÷ 8×0.5 ilaa 1.3.
Fiiro gaar ah: Doorashada 0.5 ilaa 1.3 waa in la xaqiijiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo cabbirka garoonka.Qiimaha garoonku wuu weyn yahay, isku-dhafka yar waa in la isticmaalo.Taas beddelkeeda, qiimaha garoonku wuu yaraadaa, iskuxidhka weyn ee u dhigma waa in la isticmaalaa.
2. Xisaabinta dhexroorka garoonka tuubada (D2)
D2=(3×0.866025P)/8, yacni taabo dhexroor=3×0.866025×pitch÷8
3. Xisaabinta dhexroorka tuubada (D1)
D1=(5×0.866025P)/8 waa dhexroorka tuubada=5×0.866025×pitch÷8
14. Qaacidada xisaabinta ee dhererka alaabta loo isticmaalo ciwaanka qabow ee qaabab kala duwan u samaysan
Waxaa la og yahay in qaacidada mugga goobada ay tahay dhexroor × dhexroor×0.7854×dherer ama radius×radius×3.1416× dhererka.Taasi waa, d2×0.7854×L ama R2×3.1416×L
Marka la xisaabinayo, mugga X÷ dhexroorka ÷ dhexroorka ÷ 0.7854 ama X÷radius÷radius÷3.1416 ee walxaha loo baahan yahay si loo habeeyoqaybaha machining cnciyocnc qaybaha leexinwaa dhererka alaabta.
Qaaciddada tiirka = X/(3.1416R2) ama X/0.7854d2
X ee qaaciddada waxay ka dhigan tahay qiimaha mugga ee alaabta loo baahan yahay;
L waxay ka dhigan tahay dhererka qiimaha quudinta dhabta ah;
R/d waxa ay u taagan tahay dhexroorka ama dhexroorka quudinta dhabta ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-11-2023