Ukunemba kokucubungula izinga lapho usayizi wangempela, umumo, kanye nendawo okuyo amapharamitha amathathu ejiyomethri engxenye ecutshunguliwe kufanelana namapharamitha ejiyomethri afanelekile adingwa umdwebo.Imingcele yejiyomethri ephelele ibhekisela kusayizi omaphakathi wengxenye, ijiyomethri engaphezulu njengemibuthano, amasilinda, izindiza, amakhoni, imigqa eqondile, njll., kanye nokuma okuhambisanayo phakathi kwezindawo ezifana nokufana, ukuqina, ukubumbana, ukulingana, nokunye.Umehluko phakathi kwamapharamitha wangempela wejiyomethri wengxenye kanye namapharamitha afanelekile wejometri waziwa njengephutha lomshini.
1. Umqondo wokunemba kokucubungula
Ukunemba komshini kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizots.Ukunemba komshini kanye nephutha lomshini amagama amabili asetshenziselwa ukuhlola imingcele yejiyomethri yendawo emshinini.Ibanga lokubekezelela lisetshenziselwa ukukala ukunemba komshini.Ukunemba kuphezulu uma inani lebanga lilincane.Iphutha lomshini livezwa ngamavelu ezinombolo.Iphutha libaluleke kakhulu lapho inani lenombolo likhulu kakhulu.Ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula kusho amaphutha okucubungula ambalwa, futhi ngokuphambene, ukunemba okuphansi kusho amaphutha amaningi ekucubunguleni.
Kunamazinga angama-20 okubekezelela ukusuka ku-IT01, IT0, IT1, IT2, IT3 kuya ku-IT18.Phakathi kwazo, i-IT01 imele ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu komshini kwengxenye, i-IT18 imele ukunemba komshini okuphansi kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile, i-IT7 ne-IT8 zinokunemba komshini okumaphakathi.Izinga.
“Amapharamitha angempela atholwe yinoma iyiphi indlela yokucubungula azoba nembe ngandlela thize.Kodwa-ke, inqobo nje uma iphutha lokucubungula lingaphakathi kwebanga lokubekezelelana elicaciswe ingxenye yomdwebo, ukunemba kokucubungula kubhekwa njengokuqinisekisiwe.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukunemba kokucutshungulwa kuncike emsebenzini wengxenye edaliwe kanye nezidingo zayo eziqondile njengoba zichazwe emdwebeni.”
Izinga lomshini lincike ezintweni ezimbili ezibalulekile: ikhwalithi yokucubungula yezingxenye kanye nekhwalithi yokuhlanganisa yomshini.Ikhwalithi yokucubungula yezingxenye inqunywa yizici ezimbili: ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yendawo.
Ukunemba kokucubungula, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubhekisela ekutheni amapharamitha wangempela wejiyomethri (usayizi, umumo, nendawo) wengxenye ngemva kokucutshungulwa afana namapharamitha afanelekile wejometri.Umehluko phakathi kwamapharamitha wejiyomethri angempela kanye namahle ubizwa ngephutha lomshini.Usayizi wephutha lomshini ubonisa izinga lokunemba komshini.Iphutha elikhulu lisho ukunemba okuphansi kokucubungula, kuyilapho amaphutha amancane abonisa ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula.
2. Okuqukethwe okuhlobene kokunemba komshini
(1) Ukunemba kobukhulu
Isho izinga lapho usayizi wangempela wengxenye ecutshunguliwe ufana nendawo emaphakathi yendawo yokubekezelela yosayizi wengxenye.
(2) Ukunemba komumo
Isho izinga lapho umumo wejiyomethri wangempela wengxenye ewumshini ofana nayo nomumo wejometri ofanele.
(3) Ukunemba kwesikhundla
Ibhekisela emehlukweni wangempela wokunemba phakathi kwezindawo ezifanele zokucutshungulwaukunemba ngomshini izingxenye.
(4) Ubudlelwano
Lapho uklama izingxenye zomshini futhi ucacisa ukunemba komshini, ukugxila ekulawuleni iphutha lomumo ngaphakathi kokubekezelela isikhundla kubalulekile.Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphutha lesikhundla lincane kunokubekezelela kobukhulu.Izingxenye ezinembayo noma izindawo ezibalulekile zezingxenye zidinga ukunemba komumo okuphezulu kunokunemba kwendawo kanye nokunemba kwendawo ephakeme kunokunemba kobukhulu.Ukunamathela kule mihlahlandlela kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zomshini ziklanywe futhi zenziwe ngomshini ngokunemba okukhulu.
3. Indlela Yokulungisa:
1. Lungisa uhlelo lwenqubo ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.
2. Yehlisa amaphutha ethuluzi lomshini ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba.
3. Nciphisa amaphutha okudlulisa amaketango ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kohlelo.
4. Yehlisa ukuguga kwamathuluzi ukuze ugcine ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi.
5. Yehlisa ukuguqulwa kokucindezeleka kwesistimu yenqubo ukuze ugweme noma yimuphi umonakalo.
6. Yehlisa ukuguqulwa kokushisa kwesistimu yenqubo ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza.
7. Yehlisa ukucindezeleka okusele ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okungaguquki nokuthembekile.
4. Izimbangela zomthelela
(1) Iphutha lomgomo wokucubungula
Amaphutha esimiso somshini ngokuvamile abangelwa ukusebenzisa cishe iphrofayela ye-blade noma ubudlelwano bokudlulisa ukuze kucutshungulwe.Lawa maphutha avame ukwenzeka phakathi nentambo, igiya, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwendawo eyinkimbinkimbi.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko, ukucubungula okulinganiselwe kuvame ukusetshenziswa inqobo nje uma iphutha lethiyori lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokunemba zokucubungula ezidingekayo.
(2) Iphutha lokulungisa
Iphutha lokulungiswa kwamathuluzi omshini lisho iphutha elibangelwe ukulungisa okungalungile.
(3) Iphutha lethuluzi lomshini
Amaphutha ethuluzi lomshini abhekisela emaphutheni okukhiqiza, ukufakwa, nokuguga.Kubandakanya amaphutha okuqondisa kumzila wesitimela wethuluzi lomshini, amaphutha wokuzungezisa i-spindle ethuluzini lomshini, kanye namaphutha okudlulisa iketango lokudlulisa ethuluzini lomshini.
5. Indlela yokulinganisa
Ukunemba kokucubungula kusebenzisa izindlela zokulinganisa ezihlukene ngokuya ngokuqukethwe okunembayo kokucubungula okuhlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zokunemba.Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zezindlela:
(1) Kuye ngokuthi ipharamitha elinganisiwe ikalwa ngokuqondile, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: eqondile nengaqondile.
Isilinganiso esiqondile,ipharamitha elinganisiwe ikalwa ngokuqondile ukuze kutholwe izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe.Isibonelo, ama-calipers neziqhathanisi zingasetshenziswa ukukala ipharamitha ngokuqondile.
Isilinganiso esingaqondile:Ukuze sithole usayizi olinganisiwe wento, singawukala ngokuqondile noma sisebenzise ukulinganisa okungaqondile.Ukulinganisa okuqondile kunembile, kodwa ukulinganisa okungaqondile kuyadingeka lapho izimfuneko zokunemba zingenakufinyelelwa ngokulinganisa okuqondile.Ukulinganisa okungaqondile kuhilela ukulinganisa amapharamitha ejiyomethri ahlobene nosayizi wento nokubala usayizi olinganisiwe ngokusekelwe kulawo mapharamitha.
(2) Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamathuluzi okulinganisa asuselwa enanini lawo lokufunda.Isilinganiso esiphelele simele inani eliqondile losayizi olinganisiwe, kuyilapho ukulinganisa okuhlobene akwenzi.
Isilinganiso esiphelele:Inani lokufunda limelela ngokuqondile usayizi wosayizi olinganisiwe, njengokulinganisa nge-vernier caliper.
Isilinganiso esihlobene:Inani lokufunda libonisa kuphela ukuchezuka kosayizi olinganisiwe ngokuhlobene nenani elijwayelekile.Uma usebenzisa isiqhathanisi ukukala ububanzi be-shaft, udinga kuqala ulungise indawo eyiziro yensimbi nge-gauge block bese ukala.Inani elilinganiselwe liwumehluko phakathi kobubanzi beshafu eseceleni kanye nosayizi webhulokhi yegeji.Lesi isilinganiso esihlobene.Ngokuvamile, ukunemba kokulinganisa okuhlobene kuphezulu, kodwa ukulinganisa kunzima kakhulu.
(3) Kuye ngokuthi indawo elinganiselwe ixhumene nekhanda lokulinganisa lensimbi yokulinganisa, ihlukaniswa ngesilinganiso sokuxhumana kanye nesilinganiso esingathintana naye.
Isilinganiso sothintana naye:Ikhanda lokulinganisa lisebenzisa amandla omshini endaweni elinganiswayo, njengokusebenzisa i-micrometer ukulinganisa izingxenye.
Isilinganiso sokungeyena othintana naye:Ikhanda lokulinganisa elingathinteki ligwema umthelela wamandla okulinganisa emiphumeleni.Izindlela zifaka phakathi ukuqagela nokuphazanyiswa kwamaza okukhanya.
(4) Ngokwenani lamapharamitha akalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ihlukaniswa ngesilinganiso esisodwa kanye nesilinganiso esibanzi.
Isilinganiso esisodwa:Ipharamitha ngayinye yengxenye ehloliwe ikalwa ngokwehlukana.
Isilinganiso esiphelele:Kubalulekile ukukala izinkomba eziphelele ezikhombisa amapharamitha afanelekile acnc izingxenye.Isibonelo, lapho ukala uchungechunge nge-microscope yethuluzi, ububanzi bokuphakama kwangempela, iphutha le-engeli enguhhafu wephrofayela, kanye nephutha le-cumulative pitch kungalinganiswa.
(5) Indima yokulinganisa enqubweni yokucubungula ihlukaniswe ngesilinganiso esisebenzayo kanye nesilinganiso sokwenziwa.
Isilinganiso esisebenzayo:I-workpiece ilinganiswa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, futhi imiphumela isetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukulawula ukucutshungulwa kwengxenye, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yemfucuza ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isilinganiso sokwenziwa:Ngemva komshini, i-workpiece ilinganiswa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ifanelekile yini.Lesi silinganiso sinqunyelwe ekuhlonzeni izinsalela.
(6) Ngokwesimo sengxenye elinganisiwe phakathi nenqubo yokulinganisa, ihlukaniswa ngesilinganiso esimile kanye nesilinganiso esishukumisayo.
Isilinganiso esimile:Isilinganiso simile.Linganisa ububanzi njenge-micrometer.
Isilinganiso esinamandla:Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, ikhanda lokulinganisa nendawo elinganiselwe iyanyakaza ngokuhlobene ukuze ilingise izimo zokusebenza.Izindlela zokulinganisa ezinamandla zibonisa isimo sezingxenye eziseduze nokusetshenziswa futhi ziyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-08-2024