Hanyar inganta ingancin sarrafa bakin karfe

Idan aka kwatanta da babban ingancin carbon structural karfe, bakin karfe kayan da aka kara da alloying abubuwa kamar Cr, Ni, N, Nb, da kuma Mo. The karuwa da wadannan alloying abubuwa ba kawai inganta lalata juriya na karfe, amma kuma yana da wani alloying. tasiri a kan kayan aikin injiniya na bakin karfe.Alal misali, martensitic bakin karfe 4Cr13 yana da guda carbon abun ciki idan aka kwatanta da 45 matsakaici carbon karfe, amma dangi machinability ne kawai 58% na 45 karfe;bakin karfe austenitic 1Cr18Ni9Ti shine kawai 40%, kuma austenite-baƙin ƙarfe Bakin karfe na metamorphic duplex yana da tauri mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin injin.
Binciken maki masu wahala a yankan kayan bakin karfe:

A ainihin mashin ɗin, yankan bakin karfe yana sau da yawa tare da faruwar fashe-fashe da wuƙaƙe.Saboda babban nakasar filastik na bakin karfe a lokacin yankan, kwakwalwan da aka samar ba su da sauƙi don karyewa da sauƙi don haɗawa, yana haifar da aiki mai tsanani yayin aikin yankewa.Duk lokacin da tsarin yankan ya samar da tauri mai tauri don yankan na gaba, kuma an tara yadudduka, kuma bakin karfe yana cikin aikin yanke.Tauri a tsakiya yana ƙara girma da girma, kuma ana ƙara ƙarfin yankan da ake buƙata.

Ƙirƙirar aikin da aka taurare Layer da haɓakar ƙarfin yanke babu makawa ya haifar da karuwa a cikin juzu'i tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki, kuma yanke zafin jiki kuma yana ƙaruwa.Bugu da ƙari, bakin karfe yana da ƙananan ƙarancin thermal da ƙarancin yanayin zafi mai zafi, kuma babban adadin yankan zafi yana maida hankali tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki, wanda ke lalata yanayin da aka sarrafa kuma yana tasiri sosai ga ingancin da aka sarrafa.Haka kuma, karuwa da yankan zafin jiki zai tsananta da kayan aiki lalacewa, haifar da jinjirin na rake fuskar kayan aiki, da kuma yankan gefen zai sami rata, game da shi rinjayar da surface ingancin workpiece, rage aiki yadda ya dace da kuma kara da aiki. farashin samarwa.

Hanyoyi don inganta ingancin sarrafa bakin karfe:

Za a iya gani daga sama cewa sarrafa bakin karfe yana da wuyar gaske, kuma ana iya samar da Layer mai tauri a lokacin yankan, kuma wuka yana da sauƙi a karya;kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka samar ba su da sauƙin karyewa, wanda ke haifar da manne da wuka, wanda zai ƙara lalacewa na kayan aiki.Gudanar da kowane nau'in kayan aiki na bakin karfe masu inganci don gano kayan aikin Titanium, don yanke halayen bakin karfe, haɗe tare da ainihin samarwa, mun fara daga sassa uku na kayan aiki, yankan sigogi da hanyoyin sanyaya, don nemo hanyoyin haɓakawa. ingancin sarrafa bakin karfe.

Na farko, zaɓin kayan aikin kayan aiki

Zaɓin kayan aiki mai kyau shine tushen samar da sassa masu inganci.Kayan aiki ya yi muni sosai don sarrafa ƙwararrun sassa.Idan kayan aiki yana da kyau sosai, zai iya saduwa da buƙatun ingancin yanayin ɓangaren, amma yana da sauƙin ɓata da ƙara yawan farashin samarwa.A hade tare da yankan bakin karfe, yanayin rashin zafi mara kyau, aikin daɗaɗɗen aiki, mai sauƙin saka wuka, da dai sauransu, kayan aikin da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya dace da halaye na kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, babban juriya da ƙananan alaƙa tare da bakin karfe.

1, Karfe mai saurin gudu

Ƙarfe mai sauri shine babban kayan aiki na kayan aiki tare da abubuwan da suka dace kamar W, Mo, Cr, V, Go, da dai sauransu.Yana iya kula da babban taurin (HRC har yanzu yana sama da 60) a ƙarƙashin zafi mai zafi da aka haifar ta hanyar yankan sauri (HRC har yanzu yana sama da 60).Ƙarfe mai sauri yana da kyakkyawar taurin ja kuma ya dace da masu yankan niƙa irin su masu yankan niƙa da kayan aikin juyawa.Zai iya saduwa da buƙatun yankan bakin karfe.Yanke yanayi kamar taurin Layer da ƙarancin zafi.

W18Cr4V shine kayan aiki na ƙarfe mai sauri na yau da kullun.Tun lokacin da aka haife shi a cikin 1906, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan aiki daban-daban don biyan bukatun yanke.Duk da haka, tare da ci gaba da haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya na kayan aiki daban-daban da ake sarrafa su, kayan aikin W18Cr4V ba za su iya biyan bukatun sarrafa kayan aiki masu wahala ba.Babban aikin cobalt mai sauri mai sauri yana haifar da lokaci zuwa lokaci.Idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe na yau da kullun mai sauri, ƙarfe mai sauri na cobalt yana da mafi kyawun juriya, ja taurin da amincin amfani.Ya dace da babban aikin resection kudi da yanke yanke.Makin da aka fi amfani da su sune W12Cr4V5Co5.

2, Karfe mai kauri

Carbide da aka yi da siminti wani ƙarfe ne na foda wanda aka yi shi da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (WC, TiC) foda mai girman micron kuma an haɗa shi da cobalt ko nickel ko molybdenum a cikin tanderu mai ƙura ko tanderun rage hydrogen.samfur.Carbide da aka yi da siminti yana da jerin kyawawan kaddarorin kamar ƙarfi mai kyau da tauri, juriya mai zafi, juriya juriya, juriya na lalata da tauri mai girma.Har ila yau, ba ya canzawa a zafin jiki na 500 ° C, kuma har yanzu yana da babban taurin a 1000 ° C, kuma ya dace da yankan kayan aiki mai wuyar gaske kamar bakin karfe da karfe mai jure zafi.Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su na yau da kullum sun kasu kashi uku: YG (tungsten-cobalt-based cemented carbide), YT-based (tungsten-titanium-cobalt-based), YW-based (tungsten-titanium-tantalum (铌))), wanda ke da daban-daban abun da ke ciki.Amfani kuma ya bambanta sosai.Daga cikin su, nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in YG yana da tauri mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin zafi, kuma ana iya zaɓar babban kusurwar rake, wanda ya dace da yankan bakin karfe.
Na biyu, zaɓin yankan sigogi na geometric na kayan aikin bakin karfe

Angle rake γ: haɗe tare da halayen ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi, da wuya a yanke yayin yanke.A karkashin tsarin tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin wuka, ya kamata a zaɓi babban kusurwar rake, wanda zai iya rage lalacewar filastik na abin da aka ƙera.Hakanan yana rage yawan zafin jiki da yanke ƙarfi yayin rage haɓakar yadudduka masu tauri.

Ƙaƙwalwar baya αo: Ƙara kusurwar baya zai rage juzu'i tsakanin saman da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma gefen gefen, amma iyawar zafi da ƙarfin yankan kuma zai ragu.Girman kusurwar baya ya dogara da kauri yanke.Lokacin da kaurin yanke ya yi girma, ya kamata a zaɓi ƙaramin kusurwa na baya.

Babban kusurwar raguwa kr, kusurwar raguwar k'r, da babban kusurwar kr na iya ƙara tsawon aiki na ruwa, wanda ke da amfani ga zubar da zafi, amma yana ƙara ƙarfin radial yayin yankewa kuma yana da saurin girgiza.Ƙimar kr sau da yawa 50. ° ~ 90 °, idan ƙarfin injin bai isa ba, ana iya ƙara shi daidai.Ana ɗaukar raguwa na biyu kamar k'r = 9° zuwa 15°.

Angle karkata ruwan wukake λs: Domin ƙara ƙarfin tip, kusurwar ƙwanƙwasa tana gabaɗaya λs = 7 ° ~ -3 °.
Na uku, zabin yanke ruwa da sanyi

Saboda ƙarancin machin na bakin karfe, akwai buƙatu mafi girma don sanyaya, lubrication, shigar da aikin tsaftacewa na yankan ruwa.Abubuwan yankan ruwan da aka saba amfani da su suna da nau'ikan masu zuwa:

Emulsion: Hanyar sanyaya ce ta kowa tare da sanyaya mai kyau, tsaftacewa da kaddarorin lubrication.Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin roughing bakin karfe.

Sulfurized man: Zai iya samar da sulfide mai narkewa a saman karfe yayin yankan, kuma ba shi da sauƙi a karye a babban zafin jiki.Yana da sakamako mai kyau mai kyau kuma yana da wasu tasirin sanyaya.Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don hakowa, reaming da tapping.

Man ma'adinai irin su man inji da man dunƙule: Yana da kyakkyawan aikin lubricating, amma yana da ƙarancin sanyaya da ƙarfi, kuma ya dace da motocin gama zagaye na waje.

Ya kamata a daidaita bututun ruwa mai yankan tare da yankin yankan yayin aikin yanke, ko kuma zai fi dacewa ta sanyaya mai ƙarfi, sanyaya feshi ko makamancin haka.

A taƙaice, ko da yake bakin karfe yana da ƙarancin machinability, yana da rashin lahani na aiki mai tsanani, babban ƙarfin yankewa, ƙananan zafin jiki, sauƙi mai sauƙi, sauƙin sa kayan aiki, da dai sauransu, amma idan dai an samo hanyar machining mai dacewa. kayan aiki da ya dace, hanyar yankewa da Yawan yankan, zaɓi mai sanyaya mai dacewa, tunani mai zurfi a lokacin aiki, bakin karfe da sauran abubuwa masu wuyar gaske kuma za su hadu da maganin "blade".