E ʻike i nā ʻike kila kila a pau, a wehewehe pono i nā moʻo 300 i ka manawa hoʻokahi

He aha ke ʻano o ke kila kila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻōpala?
ʻEkolu mau kumu nui e pili ana i ka ʻino ʻana o ke kila kila:
1. ʻO ka maʻiʻo o nā mea hoʻohui.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka pala ke kila me ka chromium content o 10.5%.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka chromium a me ka nickel, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka nickel content o 304 material he 8-10%, a ʻo ka chromium content he 18-20%.Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole e ʻōpala kēlā kila kila.
2. ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mea hana e hoʻopilikia pū i ka pale ʻana o ke kila kila.
ʻO nā mea kanu kila kila nui me ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaʻina holomua hiki ke hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana hoʻoluʻu billet, no laila paʻa a hilinaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o loko, a ʻo ia. ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka pala.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi mau mea kanu kila liʻiliʻi i hope i nā lako a me nā ʻenehana.I ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea haumia, a ʻo nā huahana i hana ʻia e ʻeleʻele.
3. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka ʻōpala o waho, maloʻo a maikaʻi hoʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā wahi me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea kiʻekiʻe, ka ua mau, a i ʻole ka pH kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa, hiki i ka pala.304 ʻeleʻele ke kila kila inā ʻilihune loa ke kaiapuni.

Pehea e hana ai i nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ke kila kila?
1. Nā ʻano hana kemika
E hoʻohana i ka paʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻakika a i ʻole ka pulupulu no ke kōkua ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻōpala e hele hou e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide e hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka waikawa, i mea e hoʻopau ai i nā mea haumia a me nā koena waika, he mea nui e holoi pono me ka wai maʻemaʻe.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a pau, e hoʻomaloʻo hou me nā mea poni a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka wax polishing.No ka poʻe me nā wahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāina, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hui ʻaila ʻaila ʻaila 1:1 e wehe i nā wahi ʻōpala me kahi lole maʻemaʻe.
2. Mechanical ala
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pahū, ka puhi ʻana me ke aniani a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana seramika, ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ka palaki ʻana a me ka polishing.Hiki ke hoʻopau i ka ʻino i hana ʻia e nā mea i hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma mua, nā mea polishing a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻopau i nā mea hana mechanical.ʻO nā ʻano haumia a pau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana hao haole, ke kumu o ka pala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻili i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maloʻo.Hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ke ʻano mīkini e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka mea ponoʻī.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou me nā mea hana polishing ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka mīkini a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka polishing wax.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā māka a me nā waiwai
1. 304 kila kila.ʻO ia kekahi o nā kila kila austenitic i hoʻohana nui ʻia me ka nui o nā noi.He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kiʻi hohonu, nā paipu lawe wai, nā moku,nā ʻāpana turninig cnc, nā kino mea kani like ʻole, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea hana ʻole a me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
2. 304L kila kila.ʻO ka ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel i hoʻomohala ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ke koʻikoʻi intergranular corrosion tendency o 304 stainless steel i hoʻokumu ʻia e Cr23C6 precipitation ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona kūpaʻa intergranular corrosion ma mua o 304 stainless steel.Ma waho o ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, ua like nā waiwai ʻē aʻe me 321 stainless steel.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā lako pale corrosion a me nā ʻāpana e pono ai ka wili akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kino mea kani.
3. 304H kila kuhiliʻole.No ka lālā o loko o ka 304 stainless steel, ʻo ka hapa nui carbon he 0.04% - 0.10%, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana wela ma mua o 304 stainless steel.
4. 316 kila kila.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka molybdenum ma ke kumu o ke kila 10Cr18Ni12 e hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ai ke kila i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka medium a me ka pitting corrosion.I loko o ka wai kai a me nā media ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion ma mua o 304 stainless steel, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka pitting corrosion resistant material.
5. 316L kila kila.ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka sensitized intergranular corrosion, kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana wiliwili ʻāpana mānoanoa a me nā lako, e like me nā mea anti-corrosion i nā lako petrochemical.
6. 316H kila kuhiliʻole.No ka lālā kūloko o 316 stainless steel, ʻo ka hakina carbon mass he 0.04% - 0.10%, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana wela ma mua o ka 316 stainless steel.
7. 317 kila kila.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka creep ma mua o 316L stainless steel.Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana petrochemical a me nā mea hoʻonaninani kūlohelohe.
8. 321 kila kila.Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kila kila austenitic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Titanium e ka ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel ma muli o kona hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa intergranular corrosion a me nā waiwai mechanical wela kiʻekiʻe.Ma waho aʻe o nā hanana kūikawā e like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole hydrogen corrosion resistance, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana.
9. 347 kila kila.ʻO Niobium i hoʻopaʻa i ke kila kuhiliʻole austenitic.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka niobium e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion intergranular.ʻO kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion i loko o ka waika, alkali, paʻakai a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe corrosive e like me 321 stainless steel.Me ka hana kuʻi ʻana maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea ʻelua a me ke kila pale wela.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mana wela a me nā māla petrochemical, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā moku, nā paipu, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā shafts, nā puʻupuʻu umu i nā umu ʻoihana, a me nā thermometers umu.
10. 904L kila kila.ʻO ke kila kila austenitic piha loa he kila kila austenitic super i haku ʻia e OUTOKUMPU Company o Finland.He 24% - 26% kona hakina nickel, a emi iho ka hakina kalapona ma lalo o 0.02%.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi i nā ʻakika non oxidizing e like me ka sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid a me ka phosphoric acid, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka crevice corrosion a me ka corrosion stress.Ua pili ia i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka sulfuric acid ma lalo o 70 ℃, a maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion i ka acetic acid o kēlā me kēia ʻano a me ka mahana ma lalo o ke kaomi maʻamau a me ka waika hui ʻia o ka waikawa formic a me ka waikawa acetic.ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ASMESB-625 i hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ma ke ʻano he nickel base alloy, a ʻo ka maʻamau hou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia he kila kila.Ma Kina, aia wale nō kahi hōʻailona like o 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 kila.Hoʻohana kekahi mau mea hana ʻEulopa i ka 904L stainless steel ma ke ʻano he mea nui.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ka paipu ana o E+H mass flowmeter i ke kila kila 904L, a ʻo ka hihia o nā wati Rolex hoʻohana pū i ka 904L stainless steel.
11. 440C kila kila.ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka martensitic stainless steel, hardenable stainless steel a me ke kila kila ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, a ʻo ka paʻakikī ʻo HRC57.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā nozzles, bearings, valve cores, valve noho, lima lima, valve stems,ʻāpana mīkini cncetc.
12. 17-4PH kila kuhiliʻole.ʻO Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, me ka paʻakikī o HRC44, he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mahana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 ℃.Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi i ka lewa a me ka waikawa diluted a i ʻole ka paʻakai.ʻO kona kūpaʻa corrosion e like me 304 stainless steel a me 430 stainless steel.Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā paepae o waho, nā turbine blades, valve cores, valve noho, lima lima, valve stems, etc.
13. 300 Series – Chromium Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steel
301 - ʻO ka ductility maikaʻi, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana.Hiki ke paʻakikī wikiwiki ma o ka hana mechanical, me ka weldability maikaʻi.ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻaʻahu a me ka luhi ma mua o 304 stainless steel.Hōʻike ka 301 stainless steel i ka paʻakikī o ka hana i ka wā deformation, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
302 - ʻO ka mea nui, he ʻano like ʻole ia o 304 stainless steel me ka ʻona kalapona kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma o ka ʻōwili anuanu.
302B - he kila kila me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, he kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻonā wela wela.
ʻO 303 a me 303Se nā ʻoki kila kila i loaʻa ka sulfur a me ka selenium pakahi, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā manawa kahi e koi nui ʻia ai ka ʻoki manuahi a me ka nani.Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo 303Se stainless steel e hana i nā ʻāpana mīkini e koi ana i ka huhū wela, no ka mea ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia kila kila.
304N - he kila kuhiliʻole me ka nitrogen.Hoʻohui ʻia ka Nitrogen e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ke kila.
305 a me 384 - Loaʻa i ka nickel kiʻekiʻe ke kila kila, a he haʻahaʻa kāna hana paʻakikī, kūpono ia no nā manawa like ʻole me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ke anuanu formability.
308 – No ka hana ʻana i ke koʻokoʻo wiliwili.
ʻO nā mea nickel a me ka chromium o 309, 310, 314 a me 330 mau mea kila kila he mea kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa oxidation a me ka ikaika kolo o nā kila i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻOiai ʻo 30S5 a me 310S nā ʻano like ʻole o 309 a me 310 stainless steels, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa he haʻahaʻa ka ʻike kalapona, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka carbide precipitated kokoke i ka weld.330 kila kuhiliʻole he kiʻekiʻe loa carburizing kū'ē a me thermal ha'alulu kū'ē.