Stainless Steel ndiko kupfupikiswa kwesimbi isina tsvina uye acid inodzivirira simbi.Simbi inoshingirira kune isina kusimba corrosion media semhepo, chiutsi nemvura kana ine stainless property inonzi stainless steel;Simbi inoshingirira kumakemikari corrosion medium (asidhi, alkali, munyu uye mamwe makemikari etching) inonzi acid inodzivirira simbi.
Stainless Simbi inoreva simbi inoshingirira kune isina kusimba corrosion media semhepo, chiutsi nemvura uye makemikari etching media senge acid, alkali nemunyu, inozivikanwawo seStainless acid resistant steel.Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, simbi inoshingirira kune isina kusimba corrosion yepakati inowanzodaidzwa kunzi Stainless simbi, ukuwo simbi inoshingirira kumakemikari medium inodaidzwa kuti acid resistant simbi.Nekuda kwemusiyano wekuumbwa kwemakemikari pakati pezviviri izvi, yekutanga haifanirwe kurwisa kemikari yepakati corrosion, nepo iyo yekupedzisira kazhinji isina tsvina.Iyo corrosion resistance yesimbi isina tsvina inobva pane alloy zvinhu zviri musimbi.
Kazhinji, zvinoenderana nechimiro chemetallographic, simbi dzakajairwa dzisina tsvina dzakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: austenitic simbi isina tsvina, ferritic simbi isina tsvina uye martensitic simbi isina tsvina.Pahwaro hweaya matatu ekutanga metallographic zvimiro, dual phase simbi, kunaya kunoomesa Stainless simbi uye yakakwira alloy simbi ine iron yemukati isingasviki 50% yakatorwa kune chaiyo zvinodiwa uye zvinangwa.
Yakakamurwa kuva:
Austenitic simbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix inonyanya kuita austenitic chimiro (CY chikamu) ine kumeso kwakadzika cubic crystal chimiro, iyo isiri magineti, uye inonyanya kusimbiswa (uye inogona kutungamira kune imwe magnetism) nekushanda kunotonhora.IAmerican Iron and Steel Institute inoratidzwa ne200 uye 300 nhamba dzakatevedzana, dzakadai se304.
Ferritic simbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix inonyanya kuita ferrite chimiro (chikamu a) ine muviri wakananga cubic crystal chimiro, iyo ine magineti, uye kazhinji haigone kuomeswa nekupisa kurapwa, asi inogona kusimbiswa zvishoma nekushanda kunotonhora.IAmerican Iron uye Steel Institute yakanyorwa 430 uye 446.
Martensitic simbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix ndeye martensitic chimiro (muviri wakatarisana cubic kana cubic), magineti, uye ayo emakanika maitiro anogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa.IAmerican Iron and Steel Institute inoratidzwa nenhamba 410, 420, uye 440. Martensite ine austenitic structure pakupisa kwepamusoro.Kana yakatonhodzwa kusvika kukamuri tembiricha pamwero wakakodzera, iyo austenitic chimiro chinogona kushandurwa kuita martensite (kureva, yakaoma).
Austenitic ferritic (duplex) simbi isina tsvina
Iyo matrix ine zvese austenite uye ferrite maviri-chikamu zvimiro, uye zviri mukati mechikamu chidiki matrix zvinowanzopfuura 15%, iyo ine magineti uye inogona kusimbiswa nekutonhora kushanda.329 ndiyo yakajairika duplex simbi isina tsvina.Kuenzaniswa neaustenitic Stainless simbi, dual phase simbi ine simba rakakwirira, uye kuramba kwayo kune intergranular corrosion, chloride stress corrosion uye pitting corrosion yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya.
Kunaya kunoomesa simbi isina tsvina
Simbi isina simbi ine matrix ari austenitic kana martensitic uye inogona kuomeswa nekunaya kwemvura inoomesa marapirwo.The American Iron and Steel Institute yakanyorwa ne600 series manhamba, akadai se630, kureva 17-4PH.
Kazhinji kutaura, kunze kwealloy, austenitic Stainless simbi ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance.Ferritic simbi isina tsvina inogona kushandiswa munharaunda ine yakaderera corrosion.Munharaunda ine ngura yakapfava, martensitic simbi isina tsvina uye kunaya kwemvura inoomesa simbi isina tsvina inogona kushandiswa kana zvinhu zvichidikanwa kuve nesimba rakanyanya kana kuoma.
Hunhu uye chinangwa
Kurapa kwepamusoro
Kusiyanisa ukuru
1. Nokuti mukukunguruka kwemashini esimbi yesimbi, mupumburu wacho wakakanganiswa zvishoma nekuda kwekupisa, zvichikonzera kutsauka kwehupamhi hweplate yakakungurutswa.Kazhinji, ukobvu hwepakati hwakatetepa kumativi ese.Pakuyera kukora kweplate, chikamu chepakati chemusoro weplate chinofanira kuyerwa maererano nemitemo yenyika.
2. Kushivirira kunowanzo kupatsanurwa mukushivirira kukuru uye kushivirira kudiki zvichienderana nemusika uye kudiwa kwevatengi: semuenzaniso.
Imhando ipi yesimbi isina tsvina isiri nyore kuita ngura?
Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa simbi isina ngura:
1. Zviri mukati me alloying elements.
Kazhinji kutaura, simbi ine chromium inokwana 10.5% haisi nyore kuita ngura.Iyo yakakwira zvirimo zvechromium uye nickel, zviri nani kupikisa kwekuora.Semuenzaniso, nickel yemukati ye304 zvinhu inofanira kunge iri 8-10%, uye chromium yemukati inofanira kuva 18-20%.Kazhinji, simbi yakadaro isina tsvina haigoni kuita ngura.
2. Kunyunguduka kwemugadziri kuchaitawo kukanganisa kupikisa kwesimbi isina tsvina.
Miti mikuru yesimbi isina tsvina ine yakanaka yekunyungudutsa tekinoroji, michina yepamberi uye nzira yepamberi inogona kuve nechokwadi chekutonga kwealloy element, kubviswa kwetsvina uye kutonga kwebillet kutonhora tembiricha, saka mhando yechigadzirwa yakagadzikana uye yakavimbika, mhando yemukati yakanaka, uye yakanaka. hazvisi nyore kuita ngura.Pane zvinopesana, zvimwe zvidyarwa zvesimbi zvidiki zvakadzokera kumashure mumidziyo uye tekinoroji.Munguva yekunyunguduka, tsvina haigoni kubviswa, uye zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa zvichange zvisingadzivisiki kuita ngura.
3. Nzvimbo yekunze, yakaoma uye inofefetera zvakanaka haisi nyore kuita ngura.
Zvisinei, nzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwemhepo, kunoramba kuchinaya, kana kuti pH yakakwira mumhepo dzinoita ngura.304 simbi isina tsvina ichaita ngura kana nharaunda yakatenderedza yakashata zvakanyanya.
Nzira yekubata nayo ngura mavara pasimbi isina tsvina?
1. Nzira dzemakemikari
Shandisa acid yekuchenesa paste kana kupfapfaidza kubatsira zvikamu zvine ngura kuti zvipfuure zvakare kugadzira chromium oxide firimu kudzoreredza kusaita ngura.Mushure mekuchenesa asidi, kuitira kubvisa zvose zvinosvibisa uye masara easidhi, zvakakosha zvikuru kushambidza nemvura yakachena.Mushure mekurapa kwese, porazve nemidziyo yekupolisha uye simbisa newakisi yekupolisha.Kune avo vane makwapa mashoma munharaunda, 1: 1 peturu injini yemafuta musanganiswa inogona kushandiswawo kubvisa ngura mavara nerag rakachena.
2. Mechanical nzira
Kucheneswa kwekuputika, kupfurwa negirazi kana zvimedu zveceramic, kunyudza, kukwesha nekupukuta.Zvinokwanisika kubvisa kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakabviswa kare, zvinhu zvekupukuta kana zvinhu zvekuparadza kuburikidza nemichina.Mhando dzese dzekusvibiswa, kunyanya simbi dzekunze, dzinogona kunge dziri kukonzera ngura, kunyanya munzvimbo ine mwando.Naizvozvo, nzvimbo yakacheneswa nemichina inofanirwa kucheneswa zviri pamutemo pasi pemamiriro akaoma.Mechanical nzira inogona kushandiswa chete kuchenesa kumusoro, uye haigone kushandura corrosion resistance yechinhu pachayo.Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kukwenenzvera zvakare nemidziyo yekupolisha mushure mekuchenesa michina uye nekusimbisa newakisi yekupolisha.
Inowanzo shandiswa Stainless simbi mamakisi uye zvivakwa
1. 304 simbi isina tsvina.Iyo ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa austenitic simbi isina tsvina ine huwandu hukuru hwekushandisa.Yakakodzera kugadzira zvakadzika dhizaini dzakaumbwa zvikamu, acid transmission pombi, midziyo,cnc structural turnig zvikamu, akasiyana-siyana ezviridzwa mitumbi, nezvimwewo, pamwe neasina-magineti uye yakaderera-tembiricha midziyo uye zvikamu.
2. 304L simbi isina tsvina.Iyo yekupedzisira-yakaderera kabhoni austenitic simbi isina simbi yakagadziridzwa kugadzirisa yakakomba intergranular corrosion maitiro e304 simbi isina tsvina yakakonzerwa nekunaya kweCr23C6 pasi pemamwe mamiriro, yayo inosimudzira intergranular corrosion kuramba iri nani kupfuura 304 simbi isina tsvina.Kunze kwesimba rakaderera, zvimwe zvivakwa zvakafanana ne321 simbi isina tsvina.Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kune corrosion resistant midziyo uye zvikamu zvinoda welding asi hazvigone kugadziriswa nemhinduro, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana ezviridzwa mitumbi.
3. 304H simbi isina tsvina.Kubazi remukati re304 simbi isina tsvina, kabhoni misa chikamu 0.04% - 0.10%, uye tembiricha yakakwira inopfuura 304 simbi isina tsvina.
4. 316 simbi isina tsvina.Kuwedzerwa kwe molybdenum pahwaro hwe10Cr18Ni12 simbi inoita kuti simbi ive nekudzivirira kwakanaka kudzikisa kwepakati uye gomba ngura.Mumvura yegungwa nemimwe midhiya, iyo corrosion resistance inokunda 304 simbi isina tsvina, inonyanya kushandiswa kupinza corrosion resistant materials.
5. 316L simbi isina tsvina.Ultra yakaderera kabhoni simbi, ine kumira zvakanaka kune sensitized intergranular corrosion, yakakodzera kugadzira gobvu chikamu saizi yewelding zvikamu nemidziyo, senge anti-corrosion zvinhu mu petrochemical midziyo.
6. 316H simbi isina tsvina.Kubazi remukati re316 simbi isina tsvina, kabhoni misa chikamu 0.04% - 0.10%, uye tembiricha yekushanda yakanyanya kupfuura iyo ye316 simbi isina tsvina.
7. 317 simbi isina tsvina.Kupokana negomba corrosion uye zvinokambaira kwakakwirira kune 316L Stainless simbi.Inoshandiswa kugadzira petrochemical uye organic acid inodzivirira michina.
8. 321 simbi isina tsvina.Titanium yakagadzika austenitic simbi isina tsvina inogona kutsiviwa neyekupedzisira-yakaderera kabhoni austenitic simbi isina tsvina nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwayo intergranular corrosion resistance uye yakanaka tembiricha yekupisa michina.Kunze kwezviitiko zvakakosha senge tembiricha yepamusoro kana hydrogen corrosion resistance, kazhinji hazvikurudzirwe kushandisa.
9. 347 simbi isina tsvina.Niobium yakagadzikana austenitic simbi isina tsvina.Kuwedzerwa kwe niobium kunovandudza intergranular corrosion resistance.Kudzivirirwa kwayo nekuora mu acid, alkali, munyu uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa media zvakafanana ne321 simbi isina tsvina.Nekuita kwakanaka kwewelding, inogona kushandiswa sese zviri zviviri zvinodzivirira ngura uye simbi inodzivirira kupisa.Inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi ekupisa uye petrochemical minda, sekugadzira midziyo, mapaipi, kupisa kupisa, shafts, machubhu echoto muchoto cheindasitiri, uye choto chubhu thermometers.
10. 904L simbi isina tsvina.Super yakakwana austenitic Stainless simbi ndeye super austenitic Stainless simbi yakagadzirwa neOUTOKUMPU Kambani yeFinland.Chikamu chayo che nickel mass 24% - 26%, uye carbon mass chikamu chiri pasi pe0.02%.Iyo ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance.Iyo ine yakanaka corrosion resistance mune asiri oxidizing acids akadai sesulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid uye phosphoric acid, pamwe nekuramba kwakanaka kune crevice corrosion uye kusagadzikana ngura.Inoshanda kune dzakasiyana siyana dze sulfuric acid pazasi 70 ℃, uye ine yakanaka corrosion kuramba kune acetic acid yechero kusungirirwa uye tembiricha pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakajairwa uye kune yakasanganiswa asidhi yefomic acid uye acetic acid.Iyo yekutanga chiyero ASMSB-625 yakaiisa senickel base alloy, uye chiyero chitsva chakaiisa sesimbi isina tsvina.MuChina, pane chete mhando yakafanana ye015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 simbi.Vagadziri vezviridzwa vashoma vekuEurope vanoshandisa 904L simbi isina tsvina sechinhu chakakosha.Semuenzaniso, chubhu yekuyeresa yeE + H mass flowmeter inoshandisa 904L simbi isina tsvina, uye nyaya yeRolex wachi dzinoshandisawo 904L simbi isina tsvina.
11. 440C simbi isina tsvina.Kuomarara kwemartensitic Stainless simbi, inoomeswa Stainless simbi uye Stainless simbi ndiyo yepamusoro-soro, uye kuomarara iHRC57.Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira nozzles, mabearings, valve cores, valve seats, sleeves, valve stems,cnc machining zvikamuetc.
12. 17-4PH simbi isina tsvina.Martensitic precipitation inoomesa simbi isina tsvina, nekuoma kweHRC44, ine simba rakawanda, kuoma uye kusagadzikana kwemarara, uye haigone kushandiswa patembiricha inodarika 300 ℃.Iyo ine yakanaka corrosion resistance kumhepo uye diluted acid kana munyu.Kupokana kwayo nekuora kwakafanana ne304 simbi isina tsvina uye 430 simbi isina tsvina.Inoshandiswa kugadzira mapuratifomu ekumahombekombe, turbine blades, mavharuvhu cores, zvigaro zvevharuvhu, maoko, mavharuvhu madzinde, nezvimwe.
13. 300 Series – Chromium Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steel
301 - Yakanaka ductility, inoshandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa.Inogona zvakare kuomeswa nekukurumidza kuburikidza ne mechanical processing, ine yakanaka weldability.Iyo yekupfeka kuramba uye kuneta simba inodarika 304 simbi isina tsvina.301 simbi isina tsvina inoratidza basa riri pachena kuoma panguva yekuchinja, uye inoshandiswa muzviitiko zvakasiyana zvinoda simba rakawanda.
302 - Zvikurukuru, imhando ye304 simbi isina tsvina ine yakakwira kabhoni yemukati, iyo inogona kuwana simba repamusoro kuburikidza nekutonhora kukunguruka.
302B - isimbi isina tsvina ine yakakwira silicon yemukati, ine yakanyanya kupikisa kune yakanyanya tembiricha oxidation.
303 uye 303Se mahara ekucheka masimbi asina tsvina ane sarufa uye selenium zvakateerana, ayo anoshandiswa muzviitiko zvinonyanya kudiwa kucheka mahara uye gloss yakakwirira.303Se Stainless simbi inoshandiswawo kugadzira zvikamu zvemuchina zvinoda kupisa kupisa, nekuti pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai, iyi simbi isina tsvina ine basa rakanaka rinopisa.
304N - isimbi isina tsvina ine nitrogen.Nitrogen inowedzerwa kuvandudza kusimba kwesimbi.
305 uye 384 - Simbi isina simbi ine yakakwira nickel, uye chiyero chekuomesera chayo chakaderera, icho chakakodzera nguva dzakasiyana siyana nepamusoro zvinodiwa zvekutonhora kuumbwa.
308 - Yekugadzira welding tsvimbo.
Iyo nickel uye chromium zviri mukati 309, 310, 314 uye 330 Stainless simbi zvakati kukwirisa kuvandudza oxidation kuramba uye kukambaira kusimba kwesimbi pakupisa kwakanyanya.Nepo 30S5 uye 310S ari akasiyana e309 uye 310 simbi isina tsvina, mutsauko ndewekuti kabhoni yemukati yakadzikira, kuitira kuderedza carbide inonaya pedyo neweld.330 simbi isina tsvina ine yakanyanya kukwirisa carburizing kuramba uye nekupisa kwekuvhunduka.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-05-2022