Umehluko phakathi kwe-annealing ne-tempering yilokhu:
Kalula nje, i-annealing isho ukungabi nobulukhuni, futhi ukwehlisa umoya kusagcina ubulukhuni obuthile.
Ukufudumala:
Isakhiwo esitholwe ngokushisa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa yi-sorbite epholile.Ngokuvamile, ukufudumala akusetshenziswa kuphela.Inhloso eyinhloko yokushisa ngemva kokuqeda izingxenye ukuqeda ukucindezeleka nokuthola isakhiwo esidingekayo.Ngokusho kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene, ukushisa kuhlukaniswe izinga lokushisa eliphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.I-martensite eshisayo, i-troostite ne-sorbite itholwe ngokulandelanayo.
Phakathi kwazo, ukwelashwa okushisa okuhlanganiswe nokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa ngemva kokucisha kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokucima nokushisa, futhi inhloso yakho ukuthola izakhiwo eziphelele zemishini ngamandla amahle, ubulukhuni, ipulasitiki kanye nokuqina.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zesakhiwo sezimoto, ogandaganda, amathuluzi omshini, njll., njengezinduku zokuxhuma, amabhawodi, amagiya namashafti.Ubulukhuni ngemva kokushisa ngokuvamile buyi-HB200-330.
ukwehlisa:
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Pearlite kwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqothula.Inhloso eyinhloko ye-annealing ukwenza isakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi sifinyelele noma sisondele esimweni sokulinganisa, futhi silungiselele ukucubungula okulandelayo kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina.Ukunciphisa ingcindezi kuyinqubo yokuqeda ingcindezi eyinsalela ebangelwa ukucutshungulwa kokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, ukushisela, njll. kanye nokukhona ekubumbeni.Kukhona ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-workpiece ngemuva kokubumba, ukuphonsa, ukushisela nokusika.Uma ingaqedwa ngesikhathi, i-workpiece izokhubazeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokusetshenziswa, okuzothinta ukunemba kwe-workpiece.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-annealing yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ukuze kuqedwe ingcindezi yangaphakathi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula.Izinga lokushisa lokushisa lokunciphisa ukucindezeleka liphansi kunezinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwesigaba, ngakho-ke, akukho ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo okwenzeka phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa.Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuqedwa ngokwemvelo yi-workpiece ngesikhathi sokulondoloza ukushisa kanye nenqubo yokupholisa kancane.
Ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwe-workpiece ngokugcwele, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngesikhathi sokushisa.Ngokuvamile, ifakwa esithandweni ekushiseni okuphansi, bese ishiselwa ekushiseni okucacisiwe ngesilinganiso sokushisa esingaba ngu-100 ° C/h.Izinga lokushisa lokushisisa le-weldment kufanele libe ngaphezudlwana kuka-600°C.Isikhathi sokubamba sincike esimweni, ngokuvamile amahora angu-2 kuya kwangu-4.Isikhathi sokubamba sokukhipha i-annealing yokunciphisa ingcindezi sithatha umkhawulo ongaphezulu, izinga lokupholisa lilawulwa ku-(20-50) ℃/h, futhi lingapholiswa libe ngaphansi kuka-300 ℃ ngaphambi kokuthi lipholiswe ngomoya.
Ukwelashwa kokuguga kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukuguga kwemvelo nokuguga okwenziwa.Ukuguga kwemvelo ukubeka ukuphonsa endaweni evulekile isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sonyaka, ukuze kwenzeke kancane kancane, ukuze ukucindezeleka okusalayo kuqedwe noma kuncishiswe.Ukuguga okwenziwayo ukushisa ukusakaza kufikela ku-550~650℃ Yenza ukudambisa ingcindezi, okonga isikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuguga kwemvelo, futhi kususe ingcindezi eyinsalela kahle kakhulu.
Kuyini ukuthulisa?
I-Tempering inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa eshisa imikhiqizo yensimbi ecishiwe noma izingxenye ezingeni lokushisa elithile, bese izipholisa ngendlela ethile ngemva kokubamba isikhathi esithile.I-Tempering iwukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokucisha, futhi ngokuvamile kuwukwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina kwendawo yokusebenza.Ngakho-ke, inqubo ehlangene yokucisha nokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina.Inhloso eyinhloko yokunciphisa nokushisa iwukuba:
1) Yehlisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi futhi unciphise i-brittleness.Izingxenye ezicishiwe zinengcindezi enkulu kanye nokuqina.Uma zingacunuki ngesikhathi, zizokhubaza noma ziqhekeke.
2) Lungisa izakhiwo zemishini ye-workpiece.Ngemva kokucisha, i-workpiece inobunzima obuphezulu kanye ne-brittleness ephezulu.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukene zezingcezu zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, zingalungiswa ngokushisa, ubulukhuni, amandla, ipulasitiki kanye nokuqina.
3) Usayizi we-workpiece ozinzile.Isakhiwo se-metallographic singazinziswa ngokushisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho deformation ezokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
4) Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika kwezinye izinsimbi ze-alloy.
Ekukhiqizeni, kuvame ukusekelwe ezidingweni zokusebenza kwe-workpiece.Ngokwamazinga okushisa ahlukene okushisisa, i-tempering ihlukaniswe ngokwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa okuhlanganisa ukucisha kanye nokushisa okuphezulu okulandelayo okubizwa ngokuthi ukucisha nokushisa, okungukuthi, ine-plasticity enhle kanye nokuqina ngenkathi inamandla aphezulu.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha izingxenye zesakhiwo somshini ezinemithwalo emikhulu, njengama-spindle amathuluzi omshini, ama-axle shafts angemuva kwemoto, amagiya anamandla, njll.
Kuyini ukucisha?
Ukucisha inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa okushisisa imikhiqizo yensimbi noma izingxenye ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwesigaba, bese liphola ngokushesha ngenani elikhulu kunezinga lokupholisa elibalulekile ngemva kokugcinwa kokushisa ukuze kutholwe isakhiwo se-martensitic.Ukucisha ukuthola isakhiwo se-martensitic, futhi ngemva kokushisa, i-workpiece ingathola ukusebenza okuhle, ukuze ithuthukise ngokugcwele amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo.Inhloso yayo enkulu uku:
1) Thuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zemikhiqizo yensimbi noma izingxenye.Isibonelo: ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni nokugqoka ukumelana kwamathuluzi, ama-bearings, njll., ukwandisa umkhawulo wokunwebeka weziphethu, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezibanzi zemishini yezingxenye ze-shaft, njll.
2) Thuthukisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo noma izakhiwo zamakhemikhali kwezinye izinsimbi ezikhethekile.Njengokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, ukukhulisa uzibuthe unomphela wensimbi kazibuthe, njll.
Lapho ucisha futhi upholisa, ngaphezu kokukhethwa okunengqondo kwendawo yokucisha, izindlela zokucisha ezifanele nazo ziyadingeka.Izindlela zokucisha ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zihlanganisa ukucisha uketshezi olulodwa, ukucisha uketshezi oluphindwe kabili, ukucisha okuhleliwe, ukucisha i-isothermal, kanye nokucisha ingxenye.
Umehluko kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kokujwayelekile, ukucisha, ukuthulisa kanye nokuthambisa
Inhloso kanye nokusetshenziswa kokujwayelekile
① Ngensimbi ye-hypoeutectoid, i-normalization isetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukwakheka okushisiwe kwama-coarse-grained kanye nesakhiwo se-Widmanstatten sokubunjwa, ukubunjwa, nokushisela, kanye nesakhiwo esibhindiwe ezintweni ezigoqiwe;cwenga okusanhlamvu;futhi ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa ngaphambi kokucisha.
② Ngensimbi ye-hypereutectoid, i-normalization ingaqeda usimende wesibili we-reticular futhi icwengisise i-pearlite, engathuthukisi izakhiwo zemishini kuphela, kodwa futhi kusiza ukudonsa okulandelayo kwe-spheroidizing.
③ Kumapuleti ensimbi azacile anekhabhoni ephansi ejulile, ukwenza okujwayelekile kungasusa usimende wamahhala emingceleni yokusanhlamvu ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zawo ezijulile zokudweba.
④ Ngensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi kanye nensimbi ene-alloy ephansi yekhabhoni ephansi, sebenzisa i-normalizing ukuze uthole ukwakheka okuhle kwepearlite, ukhuphule ubulukhuni bufike ku-HB140-190, gwema into evamile "yommese wokunamathela" phakathi nokusika, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle .Ngensimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi, lapho kungasetshenziswa kokubili ukujwayela kanye nokufakwa kwe-annealing, iyonga kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa ukujwayelekile.
⑤ Ngensimbi evamile ye-medium-carbon structural steel, i-normalization ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokucisha kanye nokushisa okuphezulu lapho izakhiwo zemishini zingekho phezulu, okungelula nje ukusebenza, kodwa futhi kuzinzisa isakhiwo nobukhulu bensimbi.
⑥ Ukwenza kube okujwayelekile ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (150-200°C ngaphezu kwe-Ac3) kunganciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kokwakheka kokubunjwa nokubunjwa ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.Izinhlamvu eziqinile ngemuva kokujwayelekile ekushiseni okuphezulu zingacwengwa ngokujwayelekile ngokulandelayo ekushiseni okuphansi kwesibili.
⑦ Kwezinye izinsimbi ze-carbon alloy steels ezisetshenziswa kuma-steam turbines nama-boilers, i-normalizing ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukwakheka kwe-bainite, bese ifudumala lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu.Inokumelana okuhle kokukhasa lapho isetshenziswa ku-400-550 °C.
⑧ Ngaphezu kwezingxenye zensimbi nemikhiqizo yensimbi, i-normalization iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwelapheni ukushisa kwe-ductile iron ukuthola i-matrix ye-pearlite nokuthuthukisa amandla e-ductile iron.
Njengoba i-normalization ibonakala ngokupholisa komoya, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, indlela yokupakisha, ukugeleza komoya kanye nosayizi wocezu lomsebenzi konke kunomthelela esakhiweni nasekusebenzeni ngemva kokujwayelekile.Isakhiwo esijwayelekile singasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlukanisa insimbi ye-alloy.Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi ze-alloy zihlukaniswa ngensimbi ye-pearlite, insimbi ye-bainite, insimbi ye-martensitic nensimbi ye-austenitic ngokuya ngesakhiwo esincane esitholwe ngokushisisa isampula ngobubanzi obungu-25 mm kuya ku-900 °C kanye nokupholisa komoya.
I-Annealing iyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwensimbi lapho insimbi ifudumeza kancane ifike ezingeni elithile lokushisa, igcinwe isikhathi esanele, bese ipholiswa ngezinga elifanele.Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-anneal kuhlukaniswe ngokukhipha ngokuphelele, ukudonsa okungaphelele kanye nokukhipha ingcindezi.Izici zomshini zezinto ezifakwe emanzini zingatholwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-tensile noma ukuhlolwa kokuqina.Imikhiqizo eminingi yensimbi inikezwa esimweni sokwelashwa kwe-annealing nokushisa.
I-Rockwell hardness tester ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ubulukhuni bensimbi.Kumapuleti ensimbi azacile, imicu yensimbi namapayipi ensimbi anezindonga ezincane, izihloli zobulukhuni be-Rockwell zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ubulukhuni be-HRT.
Inhloso yokukhishwa yilokhu:
① Thuthukisa noma susa ukonakala okuhlukahlukene kwesakhiwo kanye nokucindezeleka okusalela okubangelwa ukufakwa kwensimbi, ukufoja, ukugingqa nokushisela, futhi uvimbele ukuwohloka nokuqhekeka kwezinto zokusebenza.
② Thambisa ucezu lokusebenza ukuze usike.
③ Ukucwenga okusanhlamvu kanye nokwenza ngcono isakhiwo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini ye-workpiece.
④ Yenza amalungiselelo enhlangano okwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina (ukucisha, ukuthambisa).
Inqubo evame ukusetshenziswa e-annealing
① Ikhishwe ngokuphelele.Isetshenziselwa ukucwenga isakhiwo esishisayo esishisayo esinezakhiwo ezimbi zemishini ngemuva kokusakazwa, ukubumba kanye nokushisela kwensimbi ye-carbon ephakathi nendawo nephansi.Shisisa i-workpiece ibe ngu-30-50 ° C ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lapho i-ferrite iguqulwa ngokuphelele ibe yi-austenite, igcine ifudumele isikhathi esithile, bese upholisa kancane ngesithando somlilo.Phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa, i-austenite izophinde iguqule ukwenza isakhiwo sensimbi sibe mncane.
② I-Spheroidizing annealing.Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubulukhuni obuphezulu bensimbi yamathuluzi kanye nensimbi yokuthwala ngemuva kokubumba.I-workpiece ishisa ku-20-40 ° C ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lapho insimbi iqala ukwakha i-austenite, bese ipholisa kancane kancane ngemva kokugcinwa kokushisa.Phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa, i-lamellar cementite ku-pearlite iba yindilinga, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa ubulukhuni.
③ Ukukhishwa kwe-Isothermal.Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubulukhuni obuphezulu kwezinye izinsimbi zesakhiwo se-alloy nge-nickel ephezulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium kokusikwa.Ngokuvamile, iqala ukupholisa izinga lokushisa elingazinzile kakhulu le-austenite ngesivinini esisheshayo, futhi igcinwe isikhathi esifanele, i-austenite izoshintsha ibe i-troostite noma i-sorbite, futhi ubulukhuni bungancishiswa.
④ Ukufakwa kabusha kwekristalu.Isetshenziselwa ukuqeda into eqinile (ukwenyuka kokuqina nokuncipha kwepulasitiki) yocingo lwensimbi nepuleti elincane ngesikhathi sokudweba okubandayo nokugoqa okubandayo.Izinga lokushisa elishisayo ngokuvamile li-50-150 ° C ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lapho insimbi iqala khona ukwakha i-austenite.Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umphumela wokuqina womsebenzi ungaqedwa futhi insimbi ithambe.
⑤ I-Graphitization annealing.Isetshenziselwa ukuguqula insimbi ensimbi equkethe inani elikhulu likasimende ibe insimbi egayiwe ethambile enepulasitiki enhle.Umsebenzi wenqubo owokushisa ukusakaza kufinyelele cishe ku-950°C, kugcine kufudumele isikhathi esithile bese kusipholisa kahle ukuze kubole usimende ukuze kwakhiwe iqembu le-flocculent graphite.
⑥ Ukukhishwa kwe-Diffusion.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-homogenize ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali we-alloy castings futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwabo.Indlela yokushisa ukushisa okuphakeme kakhulu okungaba khona ngaphandle kokuncibilika, futhi uyigcine ifudumele isikhathi eside, bese upholisa kancane ngemva kokusabalalisa izakhi ezihlukahlukene ku-alloy kuvame ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo.
⑦ Ukunciphisa ingcindezi.Isetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwama-castings ensimbi nama-weldments.Ngemikhiqizo yensimbi neyensimbi eshiselwe ku-100-200 ° C ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lapho i-austenite iqala khona, ukupholisa emoyeni ngemva kokugcinwa kokushisa kungaqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.
Ukucisha, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwezinsimbi nengilazi.Imikhiqizo ye-alloy yokushisisa noma ingilazi ekushiseni okuthile, bese ipholisa ngokushesha emanzini, uwoyela noma emoyeni, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwandisa ubulukhuni namandla engxubevange.Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-dipping fire".Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi okushisa kabusha i-workpiece ecishiwe ekushiseni okufanelekile okungaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi eliphansi, bese kuyipholisa emoyeni, emanzini, emafutheni nakweminye imidiya ngemva kokuyibamba isikhathi esithile.
Ama-workpieces ensimbi anezici ezilandelayo ngemuva kokucisha:
①Izakhiwo ezingalingani (okungukuthi, ezingazinzile) ezifana ne-martensite, i-bainite, ne-austenite egciniwe iyatholakala.
②Kukhona ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi.
③Izakhiwo zemishini azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo.Ngakho-ke, ama-workpieces ensimbi ngokuvamile kufanele ancishiswe ngemva kokucisha.
Indima yokuthambisa
① Thuthukisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo, ukuze ucezu lokusebenza ngeke lusashintsha izicubu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukuze usayizi wejometri nokusebenza komsebenzi kuhlale kuzinzile.
② Susa ingcindezi yangaphakathi ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-izingxenye ze-cncfuthi uzinzise ubukhulu bejometri beizingxenye ezigayiwe.
③ Lungisa izakhiwo zensimbi ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa.
*Isizathu esenza ukuba ukushisa kube nale miphumela ukuthi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, umsebenzi wama-athomu uyanda, futhi ama-athomu ensimbi, ikhabhoni nezinye izakhi ezihlanganisa insimbi angasakazeka ngokushesha ukuze abone ukuhlelwa kabusha kwama-athomu, ngaleyo ndlela awenze angazinzi.Inhlangano engalinganiseli kancane kancane ishintsha ibe inhlangano ezinzile enokulinganisela.Ukukhululeka kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nakho kuhlobene nokuncipha kwamandla ensimbi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.Ngokuvamile, lapho insimbi ithambile, ubulukhuni namandla ayancipha, futhi ipulasitiki iyanda.Lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme, ushintsho olukhulu kulezi zici zemishini.Amanye ama-alloy steels anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ze-alloying azosheshisa ezinye izinhlanganisela zensimbi ezinohlamvu olucolile lapho zifuthelwe ebangeni elithile lokushisa, okuzokwandisa amandla nobulukhuni.
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwesibili.
Izidingo zokushisa:ama-workpiece anokusetshenziswa okuhlukene kufanele ashiswe emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezisetshenziswayo.
① Amathuluzi okusika, ama-bearings, izingxenye ezishisiwe nezicishiwe, nezingxenye ezicishiwe ezingaphezulu kuvame ukushiswa ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-250°C.Ngemuva kokushisa okuphansi kokushisa, ubulukhuni abushintshi kakhulu, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kunciphisa, futhi ukuqina kuthuthukisa kancane.
② Intwasahlobo ifakwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-350-500 ° C ukuze kutholwe ukunwebeka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okudingekayo.
③ Izingxenye ezenziwe ngensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni emaphakathi ngokuvamile zishiswa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu elingu-500-600 ° C ukuze kutholwe inhlanganisela enhle yamandla nokuqina.
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa yokucisha kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa kubizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi i-quenching and tempering.
Uma insimbi ifudumala cishe ku-300 ° C, ukuqina kwayo kuvame ukukhuphuka.Lesi senzakalo sibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lokuqala lwe-terer brittleness.Ngokuvamile, akufanele kuthukutheliswe kuleli banga lokushisa.Amanye ama-medium carbon alloy structural steels nawo athambekele ekubeni abe brittle uma epholiswa kancane kancane abe kuzinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi ngemuva kokushisa okuphezulu.Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwesibili lokucasuka.Ukwengezwa kwe-molybdenum ensimbi, noma ukupholisa emafutheni noma emanzini ngesikhathi sokushisa, kungavimbela uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo.Lokhu brittleness kungaqedwa ngokushisisa kabusha uhlobo lwesibili lwensimbi efuthekayo emazingeni okushisa okuqala.
Ukufakwa kwensimbi
Umqondo: Insimbi iyafudumeza, igcinwe ifudumele bese ipholiswa kancane ukuze ithole inqubo eseduze nesakhiwo sokulinganisa.
1. Ikhishwe ngokuphelele
Inqubo: shisisa i-Ac3 ngaphezu kuka-30-50°C → ukugcinwa kokushisa → ukupholisa phansi kuze kube ngaphansi kuka-500°C ngesithando somlilo → ukupholisa komoya ekamelweni lokushisa.
Inhloso: ukucwenga okusanhlamvu, ukwakheka okufanayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwepulasitiki, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, nokwenza lula ukwenziwa kwemishini.
2. I-Isothermal annealing
Inqubo: Ukushisa ngaphezu kwe-Ac3 → ukulondolozwa kokushisa → ukupholisa okusheshayo kumazinga okushisa okushintsha kwe-pearlite → ukuhlala kwe-isothermal → ukuguqulwa kube ngu-P → ukupholisa komoya esithandweni;
Inhloso: Ngokufanayo nangenhla.Kodwa isikhathi sifushane, kulula ukusilawula, futhi i-deoxidation kanye ne-decarburization kuncane.(Isebenza ku-alloy steel kanye ne-carbon enkuluizingxenye zensimbi zemishiniene-supercooling A ezinzile).
3. I-Spheroidizing annealing
Umqondo:Kuyinqubo ye-spheroidizing cementite ensimbi.
Izinto:Izinsimbi ze-Eutectoid ne-hypereutectoid
Inqubo:
(1) I-Isothermal spheroidizing Ukushisa kwe-annealing ngaphezu kwe-Ac1 kuya ku-20-30 degrees → ukulondoloza ukushisa → ukupholisa okusheshayo ukuya kuma-degree angu-20 ngaphansi kwe-Ar1 → isothermal → ukupholisa cishe kumadigri angu-600 ngesithando somlilo → ukupholisa umoya esithandweni.
(2) Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwe-spheroidizing annealing Ac1 ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-20-30 → ukulondoloza ukushisa → ukupholisa okuhamba kancane kakhulu kuze kufike kuma-degree angaba ngu-600 → ukupholisa komoya esithandweni.(Umjikelezo omude, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, akusebenzi).
Inhloso: ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukuthuthukisa ipulasitiki nokuqina, nokwenza lula ukusika.
Indlela: Yenza ishidi noma usimende wenethiwekhi ube yi-granular (i-spherical)
Incazelo: Lapho i-annealing futhi ifudumeza, isakhiwo asiyona i-A ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke kubizwa nangokuthi i-annealing engaphelele.
4. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi
Inqubo: ukushisisa izinga lokushisa elithile elingaphansi kwe-Ac1 (amadigri angu-500-650) → ukulondolozwa kokushisa → ukupholisa okunensayo kuzinga lokushisa legumbi.
Inhloso: Qeda ingcindezi yangaphakathi eyinsalela yokusakazwa, ama-forgings, amashisela, njll., futhi uzinze usayizi wengokwezifiso izingxenye zemishini.
Ukushisa kwensimbi
Inqubo: Shisisa kabusha insimbi ecishiwe ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-A1 futhi uyigcine ifudumele, bese ipholile (ngokuvamile ipholiswe umoya) ekamelweni lokushisa.
Inhloso: Khipha ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukucisha, qinisa usayizi we-workpiece, unciphise ukuqina, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kokusika.
Izakhiwo zemishini: Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ubulukhuni namandla kuncipha, kuyilapho i-plasticity nokuqina kwanda.
1. Ukushisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa: 150-250℃, izikhathi ze-M, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kanye nokuqina, kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwepulasitiki, kube nobulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amathuluzi okulinganisa, imimese nama-rolling bearings, njll.
2. Ukushisa ekushiseni okuphakathi: 350-500 ° C, T isikhathi, nge-elasticity ephezulu, ipulasitiki ethile nobulukhuni.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza iziphethu, i-forging dies, njll.
3. Ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa: 500-650 ℃, isikhathi se-S, esinezici ezinhle eziphelele zemishini.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amagiya, ama-crankshafts, njll.
I-Anebon ihlinzeka ngokuqina okuhle kakhulu kokuhle kakhulu nokuthuthuka, ukuthengisa, ukuthengisa okuphelele kanye nokuphromotha nokusebenza kwe-OEM/ODM Manufacturer Precision Iron Stainless Steel.Kusukela kwasungulwa iyunithi yokukhiqiza, i-Anebon manje isizibophezele ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwezimpahla ezintsha.Ngokuhambisana nesivinini senhlalo nezomnotho, sizoqhubeka nokuqhubekisela phambili umoya “wokuseqophelweni eliphezulu, ukusebenza kahle, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ubuqotho”, futhi sihlale nomgomo wokusebenza “wesikweletu ekuqaleni, ikhasimende lokuqala, izinga elihle kakhulu”.I-Anebon izokhiqiza ikusasa elihle kakhulu elibonakalayo ekuphumeni kwezinwele nabangane bethu.
I-OEM/ODM Manufacturer China Casting and Steel Casting, Idizayini, ukucubungula, ukuthenga, ukuhlola, ukugcinwa, inqubo yokuhlanganisa konke kusenqubo yesayensi nesebenzayo yamadokhumentari, kukhuphula izinga lokusetshenziswa nokuthembeka komkhiqizo wethu ngokujulile, okwenza i-Anebon ibe umphakeli ophakeme we- izigaba ezine ezinkulu zomkhiqizo, ezifana ne-CNC machining, izingxenye zokugaya ze-CNC, ukuphenduka kwe-CNC kanye nokusakazwa kwensimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-15-2023