Akwai dalilai da yawa don lalata sassan aluminum, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kayan, siffar ɓangaren, da yanayin samarwa.Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu zuwa: nakasar da damuwa na cikin gida ke haifarwa, nakasar da ake samu ta hanyar yanke ƙarfi da yanke zafi, da nakasar da ke haifar da matsawa.
【1】 Tsari matakai don rage nakasar sarrafawa
1. Rage damuwa na ciki na blank
Na halitta ko tsufa na wucin gadi da jiyya na rawar jiki na iya kawar da danniya na ciki na sarari.Pre-aiki kuma hanya ce mai inganci.Ga wanda babu mai mai kitse kai da manyan kunnuwa, saboda yawan izni, nakasar bayan sarrafa ma tana da girma.Idan wuce haddi na blank an riga an aiwatar da shi kuma an rage izinin kowane sashi, ba kawai zai iya rage nakasar aiki na tsarin da ke gaba ba, amma kuma ya saki wani ɓangare na damuwa na ciki bayan an riga an aiwatar da shi na ɗan lokaci. lokaci.
2. Inganta ikon yankan kayan aiki
Kayan aiki da sigogi na geometric na kayan aiki suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙarfin yankewa da yanke zafi.Madaidaicin zaɓi na kayan aiki yana da matukar mahimmanci don rage lalacewar mashin ɗin ɓangaren.
(1) Zaɓin madaidaicin ma'auni na kayan aiki na geometric.
①Rake kwana: A karkashin yanayin kiyaye ƙarfi na ruwa, da rake kwana da aka dace zaba ya zama ya fi girma, a daya hannun, zai iya nika kaifi gefe, da kuma a daya hannun, zai iya rage yankan nakasawa, sa. cire guntu mai santsi, sa'an nan kuma rage yanke ƙarfi da yankan zafin jiki.Kada a taɓa amfani da kayan aiki tare da kusurwar rake mara kyau.
②Angle Relief: Girman kusurwar taimako yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan lalacewa na gefe da kuma ingancin injin da aka yi.Yanke kauri shine muhimmin yanayi don zaɓar kusurwar sharewa.A lokacin m milling, saboda da babban ciyar kudi, nauyi yankan nauyi, da kuma babban zafi tsara, da kayan aiki na bukatar mai kyau zafi zafi yanayi.Don haka, yakamata a zaɓi kusurwar sharewa don zama ƙarami.Lokacin da niƙa mai kyau, ana buƙatar yankan gefen ya zama mai kaifi, an rage juzu'in da ke tsakanin fuskar gefe da na'urar da aka yi amfani da shi, kuma an rage nakasar nakasa.Saboda haka, kusurwar sharewa ya kamata ya fi girma.
③ Helix kusurwa: Domin yin milling santsi da kuma rage niƙa karfi, da helix kwana ya kamata a matsayin babba kamar yadda zai yiwu.
④ Babban kusurwar raguwa: Daidaita raguwa mai mahimmanci zai iya inganta yanayin zafi mai zafi da kuma rage yawan zafin jiki na wurin sarrafawa.
(2) Inganta tsarin kayan aiki.
① Rage adadin haƙoran mai yankan niƙa kuma ƙara sararin guntu.Saboda girman filastik na kayan aluminium da babban nakasar yankan yayin aiki, ana buƙatar babban sararin guntu, don haka radius na ƙasa na guntu ya kamata ya zama babba kuma adadin haƙoran milling ya zama ƙanana.
② a nika hakora sosai.Ƙimar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙimar yankan hakora ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da Ra=0.4um.Kafin amfani da sabon wuka, ya kamata ku yi amfani da dutse mai kyau don sassaukar gaba da baya na haƙoran wukar sau ƴan lokaci don kawar da bursu da ƴan ƴan ƙwanƙwasa da suka rage yayin da ake kaifi.Ta wannan hanyar, ba wai kawai za'a iya rage zafin yankan ba, har ma da nakasar yankan yana da ƙananan ƙananan.
③ Tsananin sarrafa ma'aunin lalacewa na kayan aiki.Bayan da kayan aiki da aka sawa, da surface roughness darajar da workpiece ƙara, da yankan zafin jiki ya tashi, da workpiece nakasawa yana ƙaruwa.Sabili da haka, ban da zaɓin kayan aikin kayan aiki tare da juriya mai kyau, kayan aikin kayan aiki bai kamata ya zama mafi girma fiye da 0.2mm ba, in ba haka ba yana da sauƙi don samar da gefen da aka gina.Lokacin yankan, yawan zafin jiki na workpiece bai kamata ya wuce 100 ℃ don hana nakasawa ba.
3. Inganta hanyar clamping na workpiece
Don kayan aikin aluminum mai bakin ciki tare da rashin ƙarfi, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin matsawa masu zuwa don rage lalacewa:
①Domin bakin ciki-banga bushing sassa, idan uku-jaw kai tsakiya chuck ko spring chuck da ake amfani da radial clamping, da zarar an saki bayan aiki, da workpiece zai babu makawa lalata.A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyar da za a latsa ƙarshen fuska axial tare da mafi kyawun rigidity.Sanya rami na ciki na sashin, yi madaidaicin zaren, saka shi a cikin rami na ciki na sashin, danna ƙarshen fuska tare da farantin murfin akan sa, sannan ku matsa shi da goro.Lokacin yin aikin da'irar waje, za'a iya nisantar nakasar matsawa, don samun gamsasshen daidaiton inji.
② Lokacin sarrafa bakin ciki-bango da bakin ciki-farantin workpieces, shi ne mafi kyau a yi amfani da injin tsotsa kofuna don samun ko'ina rarraba clamping karfi, sa'an nan aiwatar da wani karamin adadin yankan, wanda zai iya da kyau hana workpiece nakasawa.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da hanyar tattarawa.Domin ƙara tsarin rigidity na bakin ciki-banga workpieces, wani matsakaici za a iya cika a cikin workpiece don rage nakasawa na workpiece a lokacin clamping da yankan.Alal misali, urea narke mai dauke da 3% zuwa 6% potassium nitrate an zuba a cikin workpiece.Bayan aiki, za a iya nutsar da aikin a cikin ruwa ko barasa, kuma ana iya narkar da filler kuma a zubar da shi.
4. Madaidaicin tsari na matakai
A lokacinyankan saurin sauri, saboda babban izinin machining da katse yanke, tsarin niƙa sau da yawa yana haifar da girgizawa, wanda ke rinjayar daidaiton mashin ɗin da ƙarancin ƙasa.Saboda haka, da CNC high-gudun sabon tsari za a iya kullum a raba zuwa: roughing-Semi-kammala-kusurwar-share-kammala da sauran matakai.Don ɓangarorin da ke da madaidaicin buƙatun, wani lokaci yakan zama dole don aiwatar da kammala na biyu sannan kuma a gama.Bayan m machining, sassa za a iya sanyaya ta halitta, kawar da damuwa na ciki lalacewa ta hanyar m machining da kuma rage nakasawa.Izinin da aka bari bayan m machining ya kamata ya fi nakasar, gabaɗaya 1 zuwa 2 mm.A lokacin karewa, da karewa surface na sassa ya kamata kula da uniform machining izni, kullum 0.2 ~ 0.5mm, don haka da cewa kayan aiki ne a cikin wani barga jihar a lokacin machining tsari, wanda zai iya ƙwarai rage yankan nakasawa, samun mai kyau surface machining quality, da kuma tabbatar da ingancin samfur.
【2】 dabarun aiki don rage nakasar sarrafawa
Baya ga dalilan da ke sama, sassan sassan aluminum sun lalace yayin sarrafawa.A cikin ainihin aiki, hanyar aiki kuma tana da mahimmanci.
1. Don sassan da ke da izinin yin amfani da kayan aiki mai yawa, domin su sami mafi kyawun yanayin zafi a lokacin aikin injiniya da kuma guje wa zafi mai zafi, ya kamata a yi amfani da mashigin mashin a lokacin aikin.Idan takarda mai kauri na 90mm yana buƙatar sarrafa shi zuwa 60mm, idan an niƙa gefe ɗaya kuma a yi niƙa ɗaya gefen nan da nan, kuma ana sarrafa girman ƙarshe a lokaci ɗaya, lebur ɗin zai kai 5mm;idan an sarrafa shi da ma'ana tare da maimaita ciyarwa, kowane gefe ana sarrafa shi sau biyu zuwa Girman ƙarshe na iya ba da tabbacin fa'ida na 0.3mm.
2. Idan akwai ramuka da yawa akan sassan farantin, bai dace a yi amfani da tsarin sarrafa tsari na rami ɗaya da rami ɗaya yayin sarrafawa ba, wanda zai sa sassan su lalace cikin sauƙi saboda rashin daidaituwa.Ana ɗaukar nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, kuma kowane Layer ana sarrafa shi zuwa dukkan cavities a lokaci guda, sa'an nan kuma a sarrafa Layer na gaba don sanya sassan su daidaita da kuma rage lalacewa.
3. Rage ƙarfin yankewa da yanke zafi ta canza adadin yanke.Daga cikin abubuwa guda uku na adadin yankan, adadin haɗin gwiwa na baya yana da tasiri mai girma akan ƙarfin yankewa.Idan izinin mashin ɗin ya yi yawa, ƙarfin yanke na wucewa ɗaya ya yi yawa, wanda ba zai lalata sassan ba kawai, amma kuma zai shafi tsattsauran mashin ɗin na'urar da rage ƙarfin kayan aiki.Idan an rage adadin wukake da za a ci ta baya, za a rage yawan amfanin da ake samarwa.Koyaya, ana amfani da niƙa mai sauri a cikin injinan CNC, wanda zai iya shawo kan wannan matsala.Yayin da ake rage adadin yankan baya, idan dai an ƙara ciyarwa daidai kuma an ƙara saurin kayan aikin injin, za a iya rage ƙarfin yankewa kuma ana iya tabbatar da ingancin aiki a lokaci guda.
4. Ya kamata kuma a kula da odar motsin wuka.Rough machining yana jaddada haɓaka aikin injina da kuma bin ƙimar cirewa kowane lokaci naúrar.Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da niƙa da aka yanke.Wato, an cire abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri a saman sarari a cikin sauri mafi sauri da mafi ƙanƙanta lokaci, kuma ƙwanƙolin geometric da ake buƙata don kammalawa shine asali.Duk da yake karewa yana jaddada babban daidaito da inganci, yana da kyau a yi amfani da milling.Saboda kaurin yankan hakora a hankali yana raguwa daga matsakaicin zuwa sifili yayin saukar da niƙa, matakin ƙarfin aiki yana raguwa sosai, kuma matakin nakasa ɓangaren kuma yana raguwa.
5. Sirin-bango workpieces an lalace saboda clamping a lokacin aiki, kuma ko da karewa ne ba makawa.Domin rage nakasawa na workpiece zuwa m, za ka iya sassauta da latsa yanki kafin kammala karshe size, sabõda haka, workpiece iya da yardar kaina koma zuwa ga asali yanayin, sa'an nan dan kadan danna shi, muddin workpiece iya zama. manne (gaba daya).Bisa ga ji na hannun), ana iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako na aiki ta wannan hanya.A cikin kalma, ma'anar aikin maƙarƙashiya ya fi dacewa a kan saman goyon baya, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfin matsawa a cikin jagorancin kyakkyawan rigidity na workpiece.A kan jigo na tabbatar da cewa workpiece ba sako-sako da, da karami da clamping karfi, mafi alhẽri.
6. A lokacin da machining sassa tare da wani rami, kokarin kada a bar milling abun yanka kai tsaye nutse cikin part kamar rawar soja lokacin da machining cikin rami, haifar da rashin isasshen sarari ga milling abun yanka don saukar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da matalauta guntu cire, haifar da overheating, fadadawa. da rushewar sassan.Wukake, karyewar wukake da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba.Da farko a haƙa ramin tare da rawar soja mai girman girman mai yankan niƙa ko girman girma ɗaya, sa'an nan kuma a niƙa shi da ƙwanƙwasa.abin yankan niƙa.A madadin, ana iya amfani da software na CAM don samar da shirye-shiryen rundown mai helical.
Babban abin da ke shafar daidaiton mashin ɗin da ingancin saman sassan aluminum shine cewa irin waɗannan sassan suna da saurin lalacewa yayin aikin injin, wanda ke buƙatar ma'aikaci ya sami wasu ƙwarewar aiki da ƙwarewar aiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-07-2022