Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekugadziriswa kwealuminium zvikamu, zvine hukama nechinhu, chimiro chechikamu, uye mamiriro ekugadzira.Pane zvinonyanya zvinotevera zvinhu: deformation inokonzerwa nekushushikana kwemukati kwe blank, deformation inokonzerwa nekucheka simba uye kucheka kupisa, uye deformation inokonzerwa ne clamping simba.
【1】Matanho ekugadzirisa kudzikisa deformation
1. Deredza kushushikana kwemukati kwechinhu chisina chinhu
Kuchembera kwechisikigo kana kwekugadzira uye kurapwa kwekudengenyeka kunogona kubvisa zvishoma kushushikana kwemukati kwechinhu chisina chinhu.Pre-processing zvakare inzira inoshanda nzira.Kune iyo isina chinhu ine mafuta musoro nenzeve huru, nekuda kwemvumo yakakura, deformation mushure mekugadzirisa zvakare yakakura.Kana iyo yakawandisa chikamu cheiyo blank pre-yakagadziriswa uye kubvumidzwa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kwakaderedzwa, haigone kungodzikisa deformation yemaitiro anotevera, asi zvakare kuburitsa chikamu chekushushikana kwemukati mushure mekufanogadzirisa kwenguva nguva.
2. Kuvandudza kugona kwekucheka kwechombo
Zvinhu uye geometric parameters yechishandiso zvine simba rinokosha pakucheka simba uye kupisa kupisa.Kusarudzwa kwakarurama kwechishandiso kwakakosha zvikuru kuderedza machining deformation yechikamu.
(1) Kusarudzwa kunonzwisisika kwechishandiso geometric parameters.
①Rake angle: Pasi pemamiriro ekuchengetedza simba reblade, iyo angle angle inosarudzwa zvakakodzera kuti ive yakakura, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kukuya mupendero wakapinza, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuderedza kucheka deformation, kugadzira. iyo chip kubviswa yakatsetseka, uyezve kuderedza simba rekucheka uye tembiricha yekucheka.Usamboshandisa zvishandiso zvine negative rake angle.
②Kuyamura kona: Saizi yekona yekuyamura ine mhedzisiro yakananga pakupfekwa kweflank uye kunaka kwenzvimbo yakagadzirwa.Ukobvu hwekucheka chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza angle yekubvisa.Munguva yekugaya kwakashata, nekuda kwehuwandu hwekudya kukuru, mutoro unorema wekucheka, uye chizvarwa chikuru chekupisa, chishandiso chinoda mamiriro akanaka ekupisa kupisa.Nokudaro, kona yekuchenesa inofanira kusarudzwa kuti ive duku.Kana kugaya kwakanaka, mupendero wekucheka unodiwa kuve wakapinza, kupokana pakati pechiso cheflank uye nzvimbo yakashongedzwa inoderedzwa, uye elastic deformation inoderedzwa.Nokudaro, kona yekuchenesa inofanira kuva yakakura.
③ Helix angle: Kuti kugaya kutsvedze uye kuderedza simba rekugaya, iyo helix angle inofanirwa kunge yakakura sezvinobvira.
④Main declination angle: Kunyatso kudzikisa iyo main declination angle inogona kuvandudza kupisa kwekupisa mamiriro uye kuderedza avhareji tembiricha yenzvimbo yekugadzirisa.
(2) Kuvandudza magadzirirwo emidziyo.
① Deredza huwandu hwemazino ekucheka kwekucheka uye kuwedzera chip nzvimbo.Nekuda kwehukuru hwepurasitiki yealuminium zvinhu uye yakakura yekucheka deformation panguva yekugadziriswa, yakakura chip nzvimbo inodiwa, saka iyo yepasi radius ye chip groove inofanira kunge yakakura uye nhamba yemazino ekucheka anocheka anofanira kunge ari madiki.
② Kugeda mazino zvakanaka.Iko roughness kukosha kwekucheka kwekucheka kwemazino ekucheka kunofanira kuva pasi peRa = 0.4um.Usati washandisa banga idzva, unofanira kushandisa dombo rakanaka remafuta kurodza zvishoma kumberi nekuseri kwemazino ebanga kuti ubvise maburrs uye kutsemuka kudiki kwasara pakurodza mazino.Nenzira iyi, kwete chete kupisa kwekucheka kunogona kuderedzwa, asiwo kutema deformation kuduku.
③ Nyatsodzora chiyero chekupfeka chechishandiso.Mushure mekunge chishandiso chapfekwa, kukosha kwepamusoro kweiyo workpiece kunowedzera, tembiricha yekucheka inokwira, uye iyo workpiece deformation inowedzera.Naizvozvo, pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekushandisa zvine kunaka kupfeka kuramba, chiyero chekupfeka hachifanirwe kunge chakakura kupfuura 0.2mm, zvikasadaro zviri nyore kugadzira yakavakirwa-kumusoro.Paunenge uchicheka, tembiricha yeworkpiece haifanirwe kudarika 100 ℃ kudzivirira deformation.
3. Kuvandudza clamping nzira ye workpiece
Kune matete-walled aruminiyamu workpieces asina kusimba kusimba, dzinotevera nzira dzekusunga dzinogona kushandiswa kuderedza deformation:
① Yezvikamu zvakatetepa-zvakakomberedzwa nemadziro, kana iyo-shayi-yega-yega-yepakati chuck kana chitubu chuck ichishandiswa kune radial clamping, kana yangoburitswa mushure mekugadziriswa, iyo workpiece inozokanganisa.Panguva ino, nzira yekutsikirira axial yekupedzisira chiso nekusimba kuri nani inofanira kushandiswa.Isa mugomba wemukati wechikamu, gadzira mandrel ane thread, woipinza mukati megomba remukati wechikamu, dzvanya kumagumo kumeso nendiro yekuvharira pairi, wozoisimbisa nenut.Paunenge uchigadzira denderedzwa rekunze, clamping deformation inogona kudzivirirwa, kuitira kuti uwane inogutsa machining iko.
② Paunenge uchigadzira matete-akakomberedzwa uye akatetepa-plate workpieces, zviri nani kushandisa vacuum kusveta makapu kuti uwane yakaenzana yakagovaniswa clamping simba, uye wozogadzira nediki diki rekucheka, izvo zvinogona kunyatso kudzivirira workpiece deformation.
Mukuwedzera, nzira yekutakura inogonawo kushandiswa.Kuti uwedzere kuomarara kwemaitiro matete-walled workpieces, svikiro rinogona kuzadzwa mukati meworkpiece kuderedza deformation ye workpiece panguva ye clamping nekucheka.Semuenzaniso, urea melt ine 3% kusvika 6% potassium nitrate inodururwa muworkpiece.Mushure mekugadzirisa, iyo workpiece inogona kunyudzwa mumvura kana doro, uye iyo filler inogona kunyungudutswa uye kudururwa.
4. Kurongeka kunonzwisisika kwemaitiro
Panguvakucheka kwepamusoro-soro, nokuda kwemvumo yakakura yekugadzira uye kukanganiswa kwekucheka, maitiro ekugayo anowanzo gadzira vibration, iyo inokanganisa machining kururama uye kushata kwepamusoro.Naizvozvo, iyo CNC yakakwira-kumhanya yekucheka maitiro anogona kazhinji kukamurwa kuita: roughing-semi-kupedza-kona-kuchenesa-kupedza uye mamwe maitiro.Kune zvikamu zvine yakakwirira chaiyo zvinodiwa, dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwa kuita yechipiri semi-kupedzisa uye wozopedzisa.Mushure mekugadzirwa kwakashata, zvikamu zvinogona kutonhodzwa zvakasununguka, kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekukasira machining uye kuderedza deformation.Mvumo inosiiwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwakashata inofanira kunge yakakura kudarika deformation, kazhinji 1 kusvika 2 mm.Munguva yekupedzisa, iyo yekupedzisa nzvimbo yezvikamu inofanira kuchengetedza yunifomu machining allowance, kazhinji 0.2 ~ 0.5mm, kuitira kuti chishandiso chive munzvimbo yakagadzikana panguva yekugadzira machining, iyo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kutema deformation, kuwana yakanaka machining mhando, uye simbisa Chigadzirwa chakarurama.
【2】 hunyanzvi hwekushanda kudzikisa deformation yekugadzirisa
Pamusoro pezvikonzero zviri pamusoro apa, zvikamu zvealuminium zvikamu zvakaremara panguva yekugadziriswa.Mukushanda chaiko, nzira yekushanda yakakoshawo.
1. Kune zvikamu zvine mvumo yakakura yekugadzira machining, kuitira kuti zvive zviri nani kupisa mamiriro ekupisa panguva yekugadzira machining uye kudzivirira kupisa kwekupisa, symmetrical machining inofanira kugamuchirwa panguva yekugadzira.Kana 90mm gobvu shizha rinoda kugadziriswa kusvika 60mm, kana rumwe rutivi rwakagayiwa uye rumwe rutivi rwukagayiwa pakarepo, uye saizi yekupedzisira inogadziriswa panguva imwe chete, iyo flatness ichasvika 5mm;kana ikagadziriswa symmetrically nekudzokororwa kudyisa, divi rega rega rinogadziriswa kaviri kusvika Iyo yekupedzisira dimension inogona kuvimbisa flatness ye0.3mm.
2. Kana pane mavhavha akawanda pazvikamu zveplate, hazvina kukodzera kushandisa sequential processing method yeimwe cavity uye imwe mhango panguva yekugadzira, iyo ichaita nyore nyore kuti zvikamu zvigadziriswe nekuda kwekunetseka kusina kuenzana.Multi-layer processing inogamuchirwa, uye yega yega inogadziriswa kune ese cavities panguva imwe chete, uye ipapo iyo inotevera dhizaini inogadziriswa kuita kuti zvikamu zvisimbiswe zvakaenzana uye kuderedza deformation.
3. Deredza simba rekucheka nekucheka kupisa nekushandura chiyero chekucheka.Pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvekucheka chiyero, chiyero chekudzoka-kubatanidzwa kune simba guru pane simba rekucheka.Kana iyo machining allowance yakawandisa, simba rekucheka reimwe pass rakakurisa, izvo zvisingazongokanganisa zvikamu, asi zvakare zvinokanganisa kuomarara kwemuchina wekushandisa spindle uye kuderedza kusimba kwechishandiso.Kana huwandu hwemapanga hunofanira kudyiwa nemusana hunoderedzwa, kubudirira kwekugadzira kuchaderedzwa zvikuru.Nekudaro, kumhanyisa-kumhanya kunoshandiswa muCNC machining, iyo inogona kukunda dambudziko iri.Paunenge uchideredza huwandu hwekucheka kumashure, chero bedzi chikafu chichiwedzerwa maererano uye kukurumidza kwechigadzirwa chechina kuchiwedzerwa, simba rekucheka rinogona kuderedzwa uye kushanda kwekugadzirisa kunogona kuvimbiswa panguva imwe chete.
4. Kurongeka kwekufamba kwebanga kunofanirawo kutariswa.Hutsinye machining inosimbisa kuvandudza machining kunyatsoita uye kutevera chiyero chekubvisa pane imwe nguva yeyuniti.Kazhinji, up-cut milling inogona kushandiswa.Ndiko kuti, iyo yakawandisa zvinhu pamusoro peiyo isina chinhu inobviswa nekukurumidza nekukurumidza uye nguva pfupi, uye geometric contour inodiwa pakupedzisa inoumbwa.Kunyange kupedzisa kunosimbisa kurongeka kwepamusoro uye mhando yepamusoro, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa pasi milling.Nokuti kucheka kwekucheka kwemazino ekucheka zvishoma nezvishoma kunoderera kubva pahupamhi kusvika ku zero panguva yekucheka kwepasi, dhigirii rekuoma kwebasa rinoderedzwa zvikuru, uye dhigirii ye deformation yechikamu inoderedzwawo.
5. Matete-walled workpieces akaremara nekuda kwe clamping panguva yekugadzirisa, uye kunyange kupedzisa hakudzivisiki.Kuti uderedze deformation ye workpiece kusvika padiki, unogona kusunungura chidimbu chekudzvanya usati wapedza saizi yekupedzisira, kuitira kuti workpiece idzokere zvakasununguka kune yayo yekutanga, uye wozoidzvanya zvishoma, chero bedzi workpiece inogona kuva. zvakasungwa (zvakakwana).Zvinoenderana nekunzwa kweruoko), iyo yakanakira kugadzirisa mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa nenzira iyi.Mune izwi, nzvimbo yekuita yesimba rekumanikidza inodiwa pane inotsigira, uye iyo clamping simba rinofanirwa kushandiswa munzira yekuomarara kweiyo workpiece.Pamusoro pemamiriro ekuona kuti workpiece haina kusununguka, iyo idiki iyo clamping simba, zviri nani.
6. Paunenge uchigadzira zvidimbu zvine mhango, edza kusarega mucheki weguyo achinyura zvakananga muchikamu sechibooreso paunenge uchigadzira mhango, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwenzvimbo yekuti mucheki weguyo agare machipisi uye kusabvisa chip, zvichikonzera kupisa, kuwedzera. uye kuputsika kwezvikamu.Mapanga, mapanga akatyoka uye zvimwe zvisina kunaka zviitiko.Tanga waboora gomba racho nechiboora chakaenzana nechekacheka kana saizi imwe hombe, wozochigaya nechigayo.milling cutter.Neimwe nzira, CAM software inogona kushandiswa kugadzira helical rundown zvirongwa.
Chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa kurongeka kwekugadzira uye pamusoro pemhando yezvikamu zvealuminium ndezvekuti zvikamu zvakadaro zvinotapukira kushanduka panguva yekugadzira machining, izvo zvinoda kuti mushandisi ave nehumwe ruzivo rwekushanda uye hunyanzvi.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-07-2022