Takaitacciyar hanyoyin sarrafa zaren guda takwas, dole ne ku sani lokacin yin mashin ɗin
Kalmar Ingilishi da ta yi daidai da screw ita ce Screw.Ma'anar wannan kalma ta canza da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Akalla a cikin 1725, yana nufin "mating".
Ana iya gano aikace-aikacen ka'idar zaren zuwa kayan aiki mai karkata ruwa wanda masanin Girka Archimedes ya kirkira a shekara ta 220 BC.
A cikin karni na 4 AD, ƙasashen Bahar Rum sun fara amfani da ka'idar kusoshi da goro ga matsi da ake amfani da su wajen yin giya.A wannan lokacin, zaren waje yana rauni da igiya zuwa sandar silinda, sa'an nan kuma an sassaka shi bisa ga wannan alamar, yayin da zaren na ciki yakan yi ta hanyar buga zaren waje tare da abu mai laushi.
Kusan 1500, a cikin zanen na'urar sarrafa zaren da Italiyanci Leonardo da Vinci ya zana, an yi tunanin yin amfani da dunƙule mata da kayan musayar don sarrafa zaren tare da filaye daban-daban.Tun daga wannan lokacin, hanyar yanke zaren injina ta haɓaka a cikin masana'antar kera agogon Turai.
A shekara ta 1760, ’yan’uwan Biritaniya J. Wyatt da W. Wyatt sun sami takardar izinin yanke katako da na’ura ta musamman.A cikin 1778, ɗan Burtaniya J. Ramsden ya taɓa kera na'urar yankan zaren da wani nau'in tsutsotsin gear guda biyu ke tukawa, wanda zai iya sarrafa dogon zaren da madaidaicin gaske.A shekara ta 1797, Baturen nan H. Maudsley ya yi amfani da dunƙulewa da musayar kayan mata don juya zaren ƙarfe na filaye daban-daban akan ingantattun lathe ɗinsa, wanda ya aza tushen hanyar juya zaren.
A cikin 1820s, Maudsley ya samar da famfo na farko kuma ya mutu don zaren.
A farkon karni na 20, ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci ya kara inganta daidaiton zaren da samar da ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa zaren daban-daban.An ƙirƙira wasu kawunan mutuƙar buɗewa ta atomatik da kuma famfunan rage ta atomatik ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma an fara amfani da zaren niƙa.
A farkon 1930s, zaren niƙa ya bayyana.
Duk da cewa fasahar birgima da zaren an yi haƙƙin mallaka ne a farkon ƙarni na 19, saboda wahalar masana'antar ƙira, ci gaban ya kasance a hankali sosai har zuwa yakin duniya na biyu (1942-1945), saboda bukatun samar da makamai da haɓaka zaren niƙa. fasaha.Matsalolin madaidaicin ƙirar ƙira ya haɓaka cikin sauri.cnc juya part
Ana rarraba zaren zuwa zaren haɗawa da zaren watsawa
Domin haɗa zaren, manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa sune: tapping, zaren, zare, jujjuya zaren, zare, da sauransu.
Don zaren watsawa, manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa sune: m da kyau juyi --- niƙa, whirl milling --- m da kyau juyi, da dai sauransu.
Kashi na farko: yanke zaren
Gabaɗaya yana nufin hanyar machining zaren a kan workpieces tare da kafa kayan aikin ko kayan aikin abrasive, yafi ciki har da juya, milling, tapping da zaren nika, nika da whirling yankan.Lokacin juya, milling da nika zaren, da drive sarkar na inji kayan aiki tabbatar da cewa juya kayan aiki, milling abun yanka ko nika dabaran motsa daidai kuma a ko'ina daya gubar tare da axis na workpiece ga kowane juyi na workpiece.Lokacin tapping ko threading, da kayan aiki (matsa ko mutu) da workpiece juya dangi da juna, da kuma kayan aiki (ko workpiece) aka shiryar da a baya kafa thread tsagi don matsawa axially.
1. Juyawa zare
Ana iya kunna zaren kunna lathe tare da ƙirƙirar kayan aikin juyawa ko tsefe zaren.Juya zaren tare da samar da kayan aiki na juyawa hanya ce ta gama gari don yanki ɗaya da ƙananan samar da kayan aikin da aka yi da zaren saboda tsarin kayan aiki mai sauƙi;juya zaren tare da zaren combing kayan aiki yana da babban samar da inganci, amma tsarin kayan aiki yana da rikitarwa, kawai ya dace da matsakaici da manyan samar da tsari.Juya gajeren zaren workpieces tare da m farar.Daidaiton farar lathes na yau da kullun don juya zaren trapezoidal gabaɗaya na iya kaiwa maki 8 zuwa 9 kawai (JB2886-81, iri ɗaya a ƙasa);mashin ɗin zaren akan lathes na musamman na zaren na iya inganta haɓaka aiki ko daidaito sosai.
2. Niƙan zare
Yin niƙa tare da faifai ko mai yanke tsefe akan injin zare.
Ana amfani da masu yankan faifai musamman don niƙa zaren trapezoidal na waje akan kayan aiki kamar dunƙule da tsutsa.Ana amfani da abin yankan niƙa mai siffar combi don niƙa zaren gama gari na ciki da na waje da zaren da aka zare.Tun lokacin da aka niƙa shi da mai yankan niƙa da yawa kuma tsawon sashin aikinsa ya fi tsayin zaren da za a sarrafa, aikin aikin kawai yana buƙatar juyawa 1.25 zuwa 1.5 don sarrafa shi.Anyi tare da babban yawan aiki.Daidaiton farar niƙa na zaren na iya kaiwa gabaɗaya maki 8 zuwa 9, kuma ƙarancin saman shine R5 zuwa 0.63 microns.Wannan hanya ta dace da taro samar da threaded workpieces na general daidaici ko roughing kafin nika.
Zaren niƙa abun yanka don sarrafa zaren ciki
3. Zare nika
Ana amfani da shi galibi don aiwatar da madaidaicin zaren kayan aiki masu tauri akan injunan niƙa zaren.Bisa ga siffar giciye-sashe na nika dabaran, shi za a iya raba iri biyu: guda-line nika dabaran da Multi-line nika dabaran.Daidaiton farar da za a iya samu ta hanyar niƙa dabaran niƙa mai layi ɗaya shine maki 5 zuwa 6, kuma ƙarancin saman shine R1.25 zuwa 0.08 microns, wanda ya fi dacewa don ɗorawa dabaran miya.Wannan hanya ta dace da niƙa madaidaicin sukurori, ma'aunin zaren, tsutsotsi, ƙananan batches na kayan aikin da aka yi da kayan aikin da taimako na niƙa madaidaicin hobs.Multi-line nika dabaran nika ne zuwa kashi a tsaye nika hanya da kuma plunge nika hanya.A cikin hanyar niƙa mai tsayi, faɗin dabaran niƙa ya fi tsayin zaren da za a niƙa, kuma injin niƙa yana motsawa sau ɗaya ko sau da yawa don niƙa zaren zuwa girman ƙarshe.Nisa daga cikin dabaran nika na hanyar niƙa plunge ya fi tsayin zaren da za a yi ƙasa.The dabaran nika da aka yanke radially a cikin saman workpiece, kuma workpiece iya zama ƙasa da kyau bayan 1.25 juyin juya halin.Yawan aiki yana da girma, amma daidaito ya ɗan ragu kaɗan, kuma miya ta dabaran niƙa ya fi rikitarwa.Nikawar plunge ya dace da niƙa manyan batches na famfo da kuma niƙa wasu zaren don ɗaurewa.aluminum extrusion sassa
4. Zare nika
Nau'in goro ko nau'in zare mai nau'in dunƙule an yi shi da abubuwa masu laushi irin su simintin ƙarfe, kuma sassan da zaren yana da kuskuren farar a kan kayan aikin ana sa su gaba da jujjuya niƙa don haɓaka daidaiton farar.Tauraren zaren ciki galibi ana ƙasa don kawar da nakasu da haɓaka daidaito.
5. Tatsi da zare
Taɓa
Shi ne don murƙushe fam ɗin a cikin rami da aka riga aka hakowa akan kayan aikin tare da wani ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi don aiwatar da zaren ciki.
Zare
Shi ne don yanke waje zaren a kan mashaya (ko bututu) workpiece tare da mutu.Daidaiton mashin ɗin bugun ko zaren ya dogara da daidaiton famfo ko mutu.sassan aluminum
Ko da yake akwai hanyoyi da yawa don sarrafa zaren ciki da waje, ƙananan ƙananan zaren ciki za a iya sarrafa su ta hanyar famfo.Ana iya yin taɗawa da zare da hannu, haka kuma ta hanyar lathes, na'urar buƙatu, injuna da injin zare.
Kashi na biyu: zaren mirgina
Hanyar sarrafawa na lalata kayan aikin filastik tare da yin birgima mutu don samun zaren.Ana yin jujjuyawar zaren gaba ɗaya akan na'ura mai jujjuya zare ko lathe ta atomatik tare da buɗewa ta atomatik da zaren mirgina kai.Zaren waje don samar da yawa na daidaitattun maɗauran ɗamara da sauran abubuwan haɗin da aka haɗa.Diamita na waje na zaren da aka yi birgima gabaɗaya bai wuce mm 25 ba, tsayinsa bai wuce 100 mm ba, daidaiton zaren zai iya kaiwa matakin 2 (GB197-63), kuma diamita na blank ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi kusan daidai yake da farar. diamita na zaren da aka sarrafa.Juyawa gabaɗaya ba zai iya aiwatar da zaren ciki ba, amma don kayan aiki tare da kayan laushi, ana iya amfani da fam ɗin extrusion mara ƙarfi don fitar da zaren ciki mai sanyi (matsakaicin diamita na iya kaiwa kusan mm 30).Ka'idar aiki tana kama da na bugawa.Ƙunƙarar da ake buƙata don extrusion sanyi na zaren ciki shine kusan sau 1 ya fi girma fiye da tapping, kuma daidaiton machining da ingancin saman ya dan kadan sama da na tapping.
Amfanin birgimar zaren: ①Raunin saman ya fi na juyawa, niƙa da niƙa;②Tsarin zaren bayan mirgina zai iya inganta ƙarfi da ƙarfi saboda aikin sanyi;③ Yawan amfani da kayan yana da yawa;④ Yawan aiki yana ninka sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da yankan, kuma yana da sauƙin gane aiki da kai;⑤ Rayuwar mirgina tana da tsayi sosai.Koyaya, zaren mirgina yana buƙatar cewa taurin kayan aikin bai wuce HRC40 ba;daidaiton ma'auni na blank yana da girma;daidaici da kauri na birgima suma suna da yawa, kuma yana da wahala a kera mutu;bai dace da zaren mirgina tare da siffar haƙori asymmetric ba.
Dangane da nau'in mirgina daban-daban, zaren mirgina za a iya raba iri biyu: zare rolling da zare rolling.
6. Zaren mirgina
An jera faranti biyu masu birgima tare da sifar haƙori mai zaren zare a gaban juna tare da farantin 1/2, an daidaita farantin, kuma farantin mai motsi yana motsawa cikin motsi na madaidaiciya madaidaiciya daidai da farantin tsaye.Lokacin da aka aika da aikin tsakanin faranti biyu, farantin motsi yana motsawa gaba kuma yana goge aikin don lalata saman don samar da zaren (Hoto 6 [Screwing]).
7. Zaren mirgina
Akwai nau'i uku na zaren radial rolling, tangential thread rolling da rolling head rolling.
① Radial thread mirgina: 2 (ko 3) zaren mirgina ƙafafun tare da zaren profile an shigar a kan juna a layi daya shafts, da workpiece da aka sanya a kan goyon baya tsakanin biyu ƙafafun, da biyu ƙafafun juya a cikin wannan shugabanci da kuma a wannan gudun (Figure). 7).[Zaren Radial]), ɗayan zagayen kuma yana yin motsin ciyarwar radial.The workpiece yana juya ta hanyar zaren mirgina dabaran, da kuma surface ne radially extruded don samar da zaren.Ga wasu skru na gubar waɗanda basa buƙatar daidaitattun daidaito, ana kuma iya amfani da irin wannan hanyar don yin nadi.
② Tangential thread rolling: Har ila yau, an san shi da mirgina zaren duniya, kayan aikin mirgina yana ƙunshe da jujjuyawar zaren tsakiya mai jujjuyawa da faranti guda uku madaidaiciyar zaren zaren (Fig. 8 [Tangential thread rolling]).A lokacin da zaren mirgina, da workpiece za a iya ci gaba da ciyar, don haka yawan aiki ya fi na zaren mirgina da radial thread mirgina.
③ Zaren mirgina kai: Ana yin shi akan lathe ta atomatik kuma ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya don sarrafa gajerun zaren akan kayan aikin.Akwai 3 zuwa 4 zaren mirgina ƙafafun ko'ina a kan m gefe na workpiece a cikin mirgina kai (Fig. 9 [Thread rolling head rolling]).A lokacin zaren mirgina, workpiece yana jujjuya kuma mirgina kai yana ciyar da axially don mirgine aikin daga cikin zaren.
8. Zaren EDM
Sarrafa zaren yau da kullun yana amfani da cibiyoyin injina ko kayan aiki da kayan aiki, kuma wani lokaci ana yin ta da hannu.Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta na musamman, hanyar da ke sama ba ta da sauƙi don samun sakamako mai kyau na sarrafawa, kamar buƙatar injin zaren bayan zafin jiki na sassa saboda sakaci, ko kuma saboda matsalolin kayan aiki, kamar buƙatar matsawa kai tsaye a kan carbide. kayan aiki.A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da hanyar sarrafawa na EDM.
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar mashin, tsarin EDM yana cikin tsari guda ɗaya, kuma rami na ƙasa yana buƙatar farawa da farko, kuma diamita na ramin ƙasa ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga yanayin aiki.Ana buƙatar na'urar lantarki zuwa siffar zaren, kuma wutar lantarki tana buƙatar iya jujjuya yayin aikin injin.
Anebon Metal Products Limited na iya samar da CNC Machining, Die Casting, Sheet Metal Fabrication sabis, da fatan za a iya tuntuɓar mu.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-15-2022