Amathiphu ayishumi ezimoto ze-CNC

1. Kunekhono lokuthola ukudla okuncane okujulile.Enqubweni yokujika, umsebenzi kanxantathu uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula ezinye izinto zokusebenza ezineziyingi zangaphakathi nezingaphandle ngaphezu kokunemba kwesibili.Ngenxa yokushisa kokusika, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-workpiece kanye nethuluzi kubangela ukuguga kwethuluzi kanye nokunemba kokubeka okuphindaphindiwe komnikazi wamathuluzi wesikwele, njll., ikhwalithi kunzima ukuyiqinisekisa.Ukuze uxazulule ukujula okunembile kwe-micro-deep, enqubweni yokujika, singasebenzisa ubuhlobo phakathi kolunye uhlangothi nohlangothi olutshekile lukanxantathu njengoba kudingekile ukuhambisa isibambi sommese esincane se-longitudinal nge-engeli, ukuze sifinyelele ngokunembile. ukujula kokudla okuvundlile kwethuluzi lokujika elihamba kancane.Inhloso, yonga abasebenzi nesikhathi, qinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.Ivelu yesikali sesibambi sethuluzi le-lathe ye-C620 singu-0.05mm kugridi ngayinye.Uma ufuna ukuthola inani lokujula elivundlile lokudla elingu-0.005mm, hlola ithebula lomsebenzi we-sine trigonometric: sinα=0.005/0.05=0.1 α=5o44′ ngakho vele uhambise isibambi sommese esincane Uma singu-5o44', uma uhambisa okuqoshwe ngobude. i-disc kusibambi sommese omncane, ingafinyelela ukunyakaza okuncane kwethuluzi lokusika elinenani elijulile elingu-0.005mm ohlangothini olungemuva.cnc machining ingxenye

 

2. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-reverse turning ezenzweni ezintathu zokukhiqiza zesikhathi eside kufakazela ukuthi enqubweni ethile yokuguqula, ubuchwepheshe bokusika okuphambene bungafinyelela imiphumela emihle.Izibonelo ezilandelayo zimi kanje:

(1) Lapho intambo yokusika okubuyela emuva kuyinsimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic ene-workpiece yentambo yangaphakathi nengaphandle ene-pitch engu-1.25 no-1.75 mm, njengoba i-pitch yesikulufu se-lathe isuswa yi-pitch ye-workpiece, okutholiwe inani Inani elingapheli.Uma intambo yenziwe ngomshini ngokuphakamisa isibambo se-counter nut, intambo ivame ukuphulwa.Ngokuvamile, i-lathe evamile ayinayo idivayisi ye-buckle engahlelekile, futhi isethi yokuzenzela yediski idla isikhathi, ngakho-ke ekucubunguleni iphimbo elinjalo.Lapho uthunga, kuvame ukuvela.Indlela eyamukelwayo iyindlela yokujika eshelelayo enesivinini esiphansi, ngoba ukucosha ngesivinini esikhulu akwanele ukuhoxisa ummese, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi, ifayela lenziwa kalula ngesikhathi sokuphenduka, futhi ukuhwaqeka kwendawo akubi, ikakhulukazi ekucubunguleni insimbi engagqwali ye-martensite efana ne-1Crl3, 2 Crl3, njll. Uma usika ngesivinini esiphansi, i-sickle phenomenon ivelele kakhulu.Izindlela zokusika ezihlanekezela emuva, ukuhlanekezela, kanye neziqondiso eziphambene neziqondiso "ezintathu-reverse" ezidalwe kumkhuba womshini zingafinyelela umphumela omuhle wokusika wonke, ngoba indlela ingaguqula intambo ngesivinini esikhulu, kanye nendlela ehamba ngayo Ithuluzi liyithuluzi Ithuluzi lihoxisiwe ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ngakho-ke akukho mphumela wokuthi ithuluzi alikwazi ukuhoxiswa lapho lisika intambo ngesivinini esikhulu.Indlela ethize yilena elandelayo: Uma intambo yangaphandle isetshenziswa, gaya ithuluzi lokuguqula intambo yangaphakathi efanayo (Fig. 1);

Gaya ithuluzi lokuguqula intambo yangaphakathi ehlehlayo (Umfanekiso 2).ingxenye yepulasitiki

 

Ngaphambi komshini, lungisa i-spindle yepuleti lokushayisana elibuyela emuva kancane ukuze uqinisekise isivinini sokuzungezisa okubuyela emuva.Ukuze uthole i-thread cutter enhle, vala i-nati yokuvula nokuvala, qala ijubane eliya phambili neliphansi ukuya ku-sipe engenalutho, bese ubeka ithuluzi lokuguqula intambo ekujuleni okufanelekile kokusika, ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa ukujikeleza.Ngalesi sikhathi, ithuluzi lokuguqula lishiywe ngesivinini esikhulu.Ngokusika ummese ngakwesokudla futhi usike inani lemimese ngokwale ndlela, intambo enobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kungenziwa ngomshini.

(2) Enqubweni yendabuko yokugoqa ye-reverse knurling, amafayili ensimbi kanye nemfucumfucu kungena kalula phakathi kwe-workpiece kanye nommese wokubopha, okubangela ukuthi ucezu lokusebenza lucindezeleke kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi imigqa igoqwe, iphethini iyachotshozwa noma isipoki; njll.Uma indlela entsha yokusebenza yokujika nokugoqa kwe-lathe spindle yamukelwa, ukungalungi okubangelwa ukusebenza okushelelayo kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo, futhi umphumela omuhle ophelele ungatholakala.

(3) Ukuhlehlisa ukuhlehla kwentambo yepayipi ye-taper yangaphakathi nangaphandle Lapho uphendulela imicu yepayipi ye-taper ehlukahlukene yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ngokunemba okuncane kanye nenqwaba encane, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile ukusika okuhlanekezelwe kanye nokulayisha ukubuyisela emuva ngaphandle kwedivayisi yokubumba.Indlela entsha yokusebenza, ngenkathi isika uhlangothi lwethuluzi, ithuluzi lihanjiswa ngokuvundlile ukusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla.Ifayela eliphambene kulula ukubamba ukujula kwefayela ukusuka kububanzi obukhulu kuya kububanzi obuncane.Isizathu ifayela.Kukhona pre-stress.Ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza zalolu hlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo ekuguquleni ubuchwepheshe buyanda kakhulu futhi bungasetshenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo ezimweni ezithile ezihlukile.

 

3. Indlela entsha yokusebenza kanye nokusha kwamathuluzi okubhoboza izimbobo ezincane Enqubweni yokujika, lapho imbobo ingaphansi kuka-0.6mm, ububanzi be-drill buncane, ukuqina akulungile, ijubane lokusika alikho phezulu, kanye nempahla yokusebenza. i-alloy engashisi nensimbi engagqwali, futhi ukumelana nokusika Kukhulu, ngakho-ke lapho ubhoboza, njengokusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo kokudlulisa ngomshini, i-drill ilula kakhulu ukuphuka, okulandelayo kuchaza ithuluzi elilula nelisebenzayo kanye nendlela yokuphakela ngesandla.Okokuqala, i-drill chuck yasekuqaleni iguqulwa ibe uhlobo oluntantayo lwe-shank eqondile.Lapho i-drill bit encane iboshiwe ku-drill chuck entantayo, ukubhola kungenziwa kahle.Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye engemuva yebhithi yokubhoboza iwukulingana kwe-shank eqondile, ingahamba ngokukhululeka kumkhono wokudonsa.Lapho imbobo encane ibhojwa, i-drill chuck ingabanjwa kahle ngesandla, futhi i-micro feed ingenziwa ngesandla, futhi imbobo encane ingabhobolwa ngokushesha.Ikhwalithi kanye nenani kanye nokwelula impilo yesevisi yama-drill amancane.I-drill chuck eguquliwe enezinjongo eziningi ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuthepha intambo yangaphakathi enobubanzi obuncane, ukulungisa kabusha, njll. (Uma imbobo enkulu ibhojwa, iphinikhodi yomkhawulo ingafakwa phakathi komkhono wokudonsa kanye ne-shank eqondile).

 

4. I-Anti-vibration emshinini womgodi ojulile Emashini emigodini ejulile, ngenxa yembobo encane, ibha yamathuluzi eyisicefe incane.Akunakugwenywa ukukhiqiza ukudlidliza lapho ububanzi bembobo bungu-Φ30～50mm futhi imbobo ejulile icishe ibe ngu-1000mm.Yiyona ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo ukuvimbela ukudlidliza kwe-arbor.Indlela yokunamathisela izisekelo ezimbili (usebenzisa into efana ne-cloth bakelite) emzimbeni we-shank, futhi usayizi ufana ncamashi nosayizi wokuvula.Phakathi nenqubo yokusika, i-arbor ayijwayele ukudlidliza ngenxa yokubeka ama-slats, futhi izingxenye zembobo ejulile yekhwalithi enhle zingacutshungulwa.ingxenye eyenziwe ngomshini

 

5. I-anti-break yokubhoboza indawo encane ingaphansi kwembobo emaphakathi engu-Φ1.5mm lapho ukubhola kungaphansi kwembobo ephakathi engu-Φ1.5mm.Indlela elula nesebenzayo yokunqanda ukunqamuka iwukuba ungakhiyi umsila lapho ubhoboza imbobo ephakathi, vumela i-tailstock I-self-weight kanye nokungqubuzana okukhiqizwa phakathi kwendawo yombhede womshini kusetshenziselwa ukubhoboza imbobo ephakathi.Lapho ukumelana nokusika kukukhulu kakhulu, i-tailstock izohlehla yodwa, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele i-drill ephakathi.

 

 

6. I-Anti-vibration yokuguqula ama-workpieces anezindonga ezincane Phakathi nenqubo yokuguqula ama-workpieces anezindonga ezincane, ukudlidliza kuvame ukukhiqizwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zensimbi ezimbi ze-workpieces;ikakhulukazi uma uphendula insimbi engagqwali kanye nama-alloys amelana nokushisa, ukudlidliza kugqama kakhulu, ukuhwashala kwangaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza kubi kakhulu, nempilo yesevisi yethuluzi iba mfishane.Izindlela ezilula zokuhlukanisa ukushaqeka emikhiqizweni eminingi zichazwe ngezansi.

(1) Lapho uphendula indilinga yangaphandle yensimbi engagqwali enembobo encane yokusebenza kweshubhu, imbobo ingagcwaliswa ngokhuni bese ixhunywa.Ngasikhathi sinye, iziphetho zombili ze-workpiece zixhunywe ngepulaki ye-bakelite, bese i-claw yokusekela kumphathi wamathuluzi ithathelwa indawo Ikhabe elisekela le-bakelite material lingalungisa i-arc edingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe insimbi engenasici. induku encane.Le ndlela elula ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukudlidliza kanye nokuguqulwa kwenduku encane engenalutho phakathi nenqubo yokusika.

(2) Lapho uphendula imbobo yangaphakathi yensimbi engashisi (i-high-nickel-chromium) ingxubevange enodonga oluncane, ukuqina kwendawo yokusebenza kubi, i-shank incane, futhi kwenzeka into engathi sína yokukhala phakathi nenqubo yokusika; okuyicala elinzima kakhulu lokulimaza ithuluzi futhi lidale ukumosha.Uma into emunca ukushaqeka njengomucu werabha noma isipontshi ilinyazwe endaweni eyindilinga yangaphandle yomsebenzi, umphumela we-shockproof ungafinyelelwa ngempumelelo.

(3) Lapho uphendula isiyingi sangaphandle se-alloy engazweli ukushisa isiqeshana sokusebenzela esinezindonga ezincane esinezindonga, ngenxa yezici ezibanzi ezifana nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-alloy ukumelana nokushisa, kulula ukukhiqiza ukudlidliza kanye nokuguqulwa ngesikhathi sokusika.Uma imbobo yenjoloba noma intambo kakotini ifakwe emgodini wokusebenzela, Uma imfucumfucu isetshenziswa, khona-ke indlela yokubopha emikhawulweni yomibili ingasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukudlidliza kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-workpiece ngesikhathi sokusika, kanye ne-high- i-workpiece enezindonga ezisezingeni elincanyana ingacutshungulwa.

 

7. Ithuluzi elengeziwe lokulwa nokudlidliza kulula ukukhiqiza ukudlidliza ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwesiqeshana sokusebenza sohlobo lwe-shaft emide ngesikhathi sokusika i-multi-groove, okuholela ekuqineni okuphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nokulimala kwethuluzi.Iqoqo lamathuluzi engeziwe okuvimbela ukudlidliza lingaxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yokudlidliza yezingxenye ezizacile enqubweni yokugoqa (bona Umfanekiso 10).Faka ithuluzi elizenzela wena ngokwakho elivikela ukushaqeka endaweni efanelekile yesibambi samathuluzi esiyisikwele ngaphambi komsebenzi.Bese, faka ithuluzi elidingekayo lokujika elimise okwe-slot kusibambi sethuluzi lesikwele, ulungise ibanga kanye nenani lokuminyanisa lentwasahlobo, bese usebenza.Lapho ithuluzi eliphendukayo linqamula ku-workpiece, ithuluzi elengeziwe lokulwa nokudlidliza libekwa phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo, elilungele ukushaqeka.umphumela.

 

8. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kanzima emshinini ziyacijwa futhi ziqedwe.Uma sisezintweni ezinzima ukuya emshinini njengama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu nezinsimbi eziqinile, ubulukhuni bomsebenzi ongaphezulu buyadingeka ukuthi bube ngu-Ra0.20-0.05μm, futhi ukunemba kobukhulu nakho kuphezulu.Ukuqedwa kokugcina kuvame ukwenziwa emshinini wokugaya.Yenza ithuluzi lokucija elilula elenziwe ngokwakho kanye nesondo lokucija, futhi uthole umphumela omuhle wezomnotho ngokucija esikhundleni senqubo yokugaya ku-lathe.

 

9. Ukulayisha okusheshayo nokuthulula ama-mandrel kuvame ukuhlangana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthwala amasethi ekuguquleni.Indingilizi yangaphandle kanye ne-engeli ye-taper yegayidi ehlanekezelwe yenhlangano ethwalayo.Ngenxa yobukhulu be-batch enkulu, isikhathi sokulayisha nokukhipha singaphezu kwesikhathi sokusika.Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okude, okuphansi.I-mandrel elayisha ngokushesha kanye ne-single-knife multi-blade (i-hardmetal) amathuluzi okuguqula achazwe ngezansi angonga isikhathi esiyisizayo futhi aqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ekucutshungulweni kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zemikhono yokuthwala.Indlela yokukhiqiza imi kanje.Yenza i-taper mandrel encane elula.Isimiso iwukuba ukusebenzisa trace 0.02mm taper ngemuva mandrel.Isethi yokuthwala iqiniswe ku-mandrel ngokungqubuzana, bese kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokuguqula i-multi-blade ngommese owodwa.Ngemva kokujikeleza, i-engeli yekhoni engu-15° iyahlehliswa, futhi indawo yokupaka iqhutshwe ukuze kususwe izingxenye ngokushesha nakahle, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 14.

 

10. Ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye zensimbi eziqinile

(1) Esinye sezibonelo eziyisihluthulelo sensimbi eqinile ephendukayo 1 Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu i-W18Cr4V i-broach eqinile (ukulungisa ngemva kokuphuka) I-gauge yepulaki yentambo engeyona ejwayelekile eyenziwe ekhaya engu-2 (i-hardware eqinisayo) 3 i-hardware yokucisha nokufutha Ukushintshwa kwezingcezu ezi-4 ze-hardware yokucisha. i-smooth surface plugging 5 Ompompi abaginqikayo bentambo abenziwe ngamathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu Okwe-hardware yokucisha kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ezihlukahlukene ezinzima okuhlangatshezwane nazo ekukhiqizeni okungenhla, khetha impahla yethuluzi elifanele kanye nenani lokusika kanye nethuluzi Ama-engeli eJiyomethri nezindlela zokusebenza zingafinyelela imiphumela emihle yezomnotho jikelele. .Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuba i-broach yesikwele iphukile, uma iphinde yethulwa kabusha ukuze ikhiqize i-broach yesikwele, hhayi nje umjikelezo wokukhiqiza omude, kodwa futhi izindleko ziphezulu.Emsuka we-broach yasekuqaleni, sisebenzisa i-blade ye-hard alloy YM052 ukuyilola ibe yinegethivu.I-engeli yangaphambili r.=-6°～-8°, unqenqema lokusika lungaphendulwa ngokugaya ngokucophelela ngetshe lamafutha.Isivinini sokusika ngu-V=10～15m/min.Ngemva kwendilinga yangaphandle, i-sipe engenalutho iyasikwa, futhi ekugcineni intambo ihlukaniswe ibe mahhadla futhi ibe yinhle.), ngemva kokugoqa, ithuluzi kufanele liphindwe futhi ligaywe ngemuva kokucija okusha nokugaya, bese kulungiswa intambo yangaphakathi yenduku yokuxhuma, bese ihlangene inqunywe.I-square broach ene-scrap ephukile yalungiswa ngemuva kokuphenduka futhi yayindala njengentsha.

(2) Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi okuguqula nokucisha i-hardware 1 Amabanga amasha afana ne-hard alloy YM052, YM053, YT05, njll., isivinini sokusika esijwayelekile singaphansi kwe-18m/min, futhi ubulukhuni bendawo yokusebenza bungafinyelela ku-Ra1.6 ~0.80μm.2 ithuluzi le-cubic boron nitride FD lingacubungula zonke izinhlobo zensimbi eqinile nezingxenye ezifuthwe, ukusika isivinini esifika ku-100m / min, ukuhwaqeka komhlaba kufika ku-Ra0.80 ~ 0.20μm.Ithuluzi eliyinhlanganisela ye-cubic boron nitride i-DCS-F ekhiqizwe yi-State Capital Machinery Plant kanye ne-Guizhou No.6 Grinding Wheel Factory nayo inalokhu kusebenza.Umphumela wokucubungula mubi kakhulu kunalowo we-carbide enosimende (kodwa amandla awafani ne-alloy eqinile, ajulile futhi ashibhile kune-alloy eqinile, futhi kulula ukulimaza uma isetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele).Amathuluzi e-ceramic ayi-9, isivinini sokusika esingu-40 ~ 60m / min, amandla ampofu.Wonke amathuluzi angenhla anezici zawo ekuphenduleni nasekucimeni izingxenye, futhi kufanele akhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile zokuguqula izinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nobunzima obuhlukile.

(3) Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingxenye zensimbi eziqinile kanye nezakhiwo zamathuluzi Izinto ezihlukene zezingxenye zensimbi eziqinile ngaphansi kokuqina okufanayo, izidingo zokusebenza kwamathuluzi zihluke ngokuphelele, zikhulu njengezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo;Insimbi engu-1 ephezulu ye-alloy: ibhekisela ezintweni ezihlanganisa insimbi Ithuluzi lensimbi nensimbi yokufa (ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezinesivinini esikhulu) ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-10%.Insimbi engu-2 yengxubevange: ibhekisela kunsimbi yamathuluzi nensimbi yokufa enokuqukethwe kwe-alloying element engu-2~9%, njenge-9SiCr, CrWMn kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo esinamandla aphezulu.I-3 carbon steel: kufaka phakathi izinsimbi zamathuluzi ekhabhoni ahlukahlukene nensimbi eshisiwe njenge-T8, T10, 15 steel noma 20 gauge steel carburizing steel.Ngensimbi ye-carbon, i-microstructure ngemva kokucisha i-martensite efudumele kanye nenani elincane le-carbide, izinwele eziqinile i-HV800 ~ 1000, kunobulukhuni be-WC ne-TiC ku-carbide enosimende kanye ne-A12D3 kumathuluzi e-ceramic Iphansi kakhulu, futhi ayishisi kancane- iqinile kune-martensite ngaphandle kwezakhi ze-alloying futhi ngokuvamile aweqi ku-200 °C.Njengoba okuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying ensimbi kukhula, okuqukethwe kwe-carbide yensimbi emva kokucisha nokushisa kuyanda, futhi uhlobo lwe-carbide luba nzima kakhulu.Ukuthatha insimbi enesivinini esikhulu njengesibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-carbides ku-microstructure ngemva kokucisha nokushisa kungafinyelela ku-10-15% (isilinganiso sevolumu) futhi kuqukethe ama-carbides we-MC, M2C, M6 kanye ne-M3, 2C, njll. Ukuqina okuphezulu (HV2800 ), okuphakeme kakhulu kunobulukhuni besigaba sephuzu eliqinile ezintweni zamathuluzi ezijwayelekile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezakhi ze-alloying, ubulukhuni obushisayo be-martensite equkethe izakhi ezihlukahlukene ze-alloying bungakhuphuka bufinyelele ku-600 °C.Ukusebenza kanzima kwezinsimbi eziqinile ezinobunzima obufanayo akufani, futhi umehluko mkhulu kakhulu.Ngaphambi kokuguqula izingxenye zensimbi eziqinile, kuyahlaziywa ukuthi kuyingxenye yaleso sigaba.Kahle kahle izici, khetha amathuluzi afanele, inani lokusika kanye nejometri yamathuluzi.I-engeli ingaqedela kahle ukuphenduka kwezingxenye zensimbi eziqinile.