Simbi ruzivo

I. Mechanical properties yesimbi

1. Goho ( σ S)
Kana simbi kana sampu yakatambanudzwa, kana kushushikana kuchipfuura muganho weelastic, kunyangwe kushushikana kusingawedzere, simbi kana sampu icharamba ichibuda pachena epurasitiki deformation.Chiitiko ichi chinodaidzwa kunzi goho, uye hushoma hwekushushikana ukoshi kana goho richiitika ndiyo goho.Kana Ps iri simba rekunze panzvimbo yegoho s uye Fo ndiyo nzvimbo yemuchinjikwa-chikamu chemuenzaniso, ipapo chikamu chegoho σ S = Ps/Fo (MPa).

2. Kuburitsa simba ( σ 0.2)
Nzvimbo yegoho yezvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi haisi pachena uye zvakaoma kuzviyera.Naizvozvo, kuitira kuyera goho maitiro ezvigadzirwa, zvinotarwa kuti kushushikana kunogadzira zvachose residual epurasitiki deformation yakaenzana nehumwe kukosha (kazhinji 0.2% yehurefu hwepakutanga), iyo inonzi inogadziriswa goho simba kana goho simba.σ 0.2.
3. Kusimba Simba ( σ B)
Iyo yakanyanya kudzvinyirira chinhu chinowana panguva yekunetsana kubva pakutanga kusvika panguva yainoputsika.Zvinoratidza kusimba kwesimbi pakutyoka.Zvinoenderana nekusimba kwesimba zvakare isimba rekumanikidza, kuchinjika simba, etc. Set Pb seyakanyanya kusimba simba risati radhonzwa uye Fo sechikamu chechikamu chemuenzaniso, ipapo simba rekusimba σ B= Pb/ Fo (MPa).
4. Elongation ( δ S)
Kurebesa kwepurasitiki kwechinhu mushure mekubvaruka kusvika paurefu hwesample yepakutanga kunonzi kurebesa kana kurebesa.
5. Goho-simba reshiyo ( σ S/ σ B)
Huyero yegoho (yield strength) yesimbi kusvika pakusimba inonzi goho reshiyo.Iyo yakakwirira yegoho-simba reshiyo, iyo yakakwirira kuvimbika kwezvikamu zvemaitiro.Iyo yegoho-simba reshiyo ye general kabhoni simbi ndeye 0.6-0.65, uye iyo yakaderera alloy structural simbi ndeye 0.65-0.75, uye iyo yealloy structural simbi i0.84-0.86.
6. Kuoma
Kuomarara kunoratidza kuramba kwechinhu kuzvinhu zvakaoma zvinodzvanyirira mukati maro.Ndiyo imwe yeakakosha performance indexes yesimbi zvinhu.Iyo yakakwirira iyo yakawanda kuoma, zviri nani kupfeka kuramba.Anowanzo shandiswa kuomarara zviratidzo zvinoti Brinell kuomarara, Rockwell kuomarara uye Vickers kuoma.
1) Brinell Kuoma (HB)
Mabhora esimbi akaomeswa eimwe saizi (dhayamita inowanzoita 10mm) anotsikirirwa pamusoro pechinhu chacho neimwe mutoro (kazhinji 3000kg) kwenguva yakati.Mushure mekuburutsa, chiyero chemutoro kunzvimbo yekupinda inonzi Brinell Hardness (HB).
2) Rockwell Hardness (HR)
Kana HB>450 kana sampuli iri diki zvakanyanya, Rockwell kuomarara kuyerwa hakugone kushandiswa pachinzvimbo cheBrinell kuomarara bvunzo.Ikoni yedhaimondi ine kona yepamusoro ye120 madhigirii kana bhora resimbi rine dhayamita ye1.59 uye 3.18 mm, iro rinotsikirirwa pamusoro pechinhu chiri pasi pemimwe mitoro uye kuoma kwezvinhu kunotsanangurwa nekudzika kweiyo. indentation.Pane zviyero zvitatu zvakasiyana kuratidza kuoma kwezvinhu zvakaedzwa:
HRA: Kuomarara kunowanikwa ne60 kg mutoro uye dhaimondi cone kudzvanya-mukati yezvinhu zvakaoma zvakanyanya senge simende carbides.
HRB: Kuoma kunowanikwa nekuomesa bhora resimbi rine mutoro we100kg uye dhayamita ye1.58mm.Inoshandiswa kune zvinhu zvine kuomarara kwakaderera (semuenzaniso simbi yakanyungudutswa, simbi yakakandwa, nezvimwewo).
HRC: Kuomarara kunowanikwa nekushandisa 150 kg mutoro uye dhaimondi cone kudzvanya-mukati kune zvinhu zvine kuomarara kwakanyanya sesimbi yakaoma.
3) Vickers Hardness (HV)
The material surface inotsikirirwa nediamond square cone press ine mutoro usingasviki 120 kg uye kona yepamusoro ye136 degrees.Iyo Vickers kuomarara kukosha (HV) inotsanangurwa nekukamura nzvimbo yepasi peiyo indentation recess nekukosha kwemutoro.

II.Masimbi Matema uye Masimbi asina-ferrous

1. Masimbi ane Ferrous
Rinoreva alloy yesimbi nesimbi.Zvakadai sesimbi, nguruve simbi, ferroalloy, simbi yakakandwa, etc. Simbi uye nguruve simbi maaloyi anobva pane iron uye anonyanya kuwedzerwa nekabhoni.Ivo pamwe chete vanonzi FERROCARBON alloys.
Nguruve simbi chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa nekunyungudutsa iron ore mumoto unoputika uye inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira simbi nekukanda.
Cast pig iron inonyungudutswa muchoto chekunyungudusa simbi kuti iwane simbi yakakandwa (mvura yesimbi ine kabhoni inodarika 2.11%).Kanda mvura yakakandwa musimbi yakakandwa, inonzi simbi yakakandwa.
Ferroalloy ialloy inoumbwa nesimbi uye zvinhu zvakaita sesilicon, manganese, chromium uye titanium.Ferroalloy ndechimwe chezvakagadzirwa zvekugadzira simbi uye inoshandiswa se deoxidizer uye yekuwedzera kune alloy zvinhu mukugadzira simbi.
Iron-carbon alloy ine carbon content isingasviki 2.11% inonzi simbi.Simbi inowanikwa nekuisa simbi yenguruve yekugadzira simbi muchoto chekugadzira simbi uye kuinyungudutsa maererano neimwe nzira.Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvinosanganisira ingots, inoenderera ichikanda mabheti uye yakananga kukanda kweakasiyana simbi castings.Kazhinji, simbi inoreva simbi yakakungurutswa kuita simbi dzakasiyana-siyana.Inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinopisa zvekufukidzwa uye zvinopisa zvakatsikirirwa mamechani zvikamu, zvinotonhora zvinokweva uye zvinotonhora zvine musoro simbi, isina musono pombi pombi michina yekugadzira zvikamu,cnc machining zvikamu, kukanda zvikamu.
2. Masimbi asina-ferrous
Iyo inozivikanwawo sesimbi isina-ferrous, inoreva simbi uye alloys kunze kwesimbi, semhangura, tin, lead, zingi, aruminiyamu nendarira, bronze, aruminiyamu alloy uye inobereka alloys.Semuyenzaniso, CNC lathe inogona kugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana, zvinosanganisira 316 uye 304 Stainless simbi mahwendefa, kabhoni simbi, kabhoni simbi, aruminiyamu alloy, zingi alloy zvinhu, aruminiyamu alloy, mhangura, simbi, epurasitiki, acrylic ndiro, POM, UHWM uye zvimwe mbishi zvinhu, uye anogona kugadzirisa kupindaCNC inoshandura zvikamuuyeCNC milling zvikamupamwe chete nezvimwe zvikamu zvakaoma zvine square uye cylindrical zvimiro.Mukuwedzera, chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten uye titanium inoshandiswawo muindasitiri.Aya masimbi anonyanya kushandiswa se alloy additives kuvandudza zvimiro zvesimbi, umo tungsten, titanium, molybdenum uye mamwe simende carbides anoshandiswa kugadzira maturusi ekucheka.Idzi simbi dzisina ferrous dzinonzi simbi dzemaindasitiri.Pamusoro pezvo, kune simbi dzinokosha dzakaita seplatinamu, goridhe, sirivheri uye simbi dzisingawanzo zvinosanganisira radioactive uranium neradium.

III.Kurongwa kweSimbi

Kunze kwesimbi uye kabhoni, zvinhu zvikuru zvesimbi zvinosanganisira silicon, manganese, sarufa uye phosphorus.
Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekuisa simbi, uye huru ndeidzi:
1. Rongedza neHunhu
(1) Simbi yakajairika (P <0.045%, S <0.050%)
(2) Simbi yepamusoro (P, S <0.035%)
(3) Simbi yepamusoro (P <0.035%, S <0.030%)
2. Kurongwa nemakemikari
(1) Simbi yekabhoni: a.Low carbon steel (C <0.25%);B. Medium carbon steel (C <0.25-0.60%);C. High carbon steel (C <0.60%).
(2) Alloy simbi: a.Yakaderera alloy simbi (yakazara zvinyorwa zvealloy elements <5%);B. Medium alloy simbi (yakazara zvinyorwa zvealloy elements> 5-10%);C. High alloy simbi (total alloy element content> 10%).
3. Kuronga nekugadzira nzira
(1) Simbi yakagadzirwa;(2) Simbi yekukanda;(3) Simbi inopisa;(4) Simbi inotonhorwa.
4. Kurongwa neMetallographic Organization
(1) Mamiriro ekunze: a.Hypoeutectoid simbi (ferrite + pearlite);B. Eutectic simbi (pearlite);C. Hypereutectoid simbi (pearlite + cementite);D. Ledeburite simbi (pearlite + cementite).
(2) Normalized mamiriro: A. pearlitic simbi;B. Bainitic simbi;C. martensitic simbi;D. Austenitic simbi.
(3) Hapana shanduko yechikamu kana chikamu chechikamu chekuchinja
5. Ronga Nekushandisa
(1) Kuvaka uye engineering simbi: a.Kazhinji kabhoni structural simbi;B. Low alloy structural simbi;C. Simbi yakasimbiswa.
(2) Simbi yekugadzira:
A. Michina simbi: (a) tempered structural simbi;(b) Masimbi ezvimiro anoomesesa: anosanganisira masimbi ane carburized, ammoniated uye pamusoro pesimbi;(c) Easy-kucheka simbi yekugadzira;(d) Plastiki inotonhora kugadzira simbi: inosanganisira inotonhora yekutsika simbi uye inotonhora musoro simbi.
B. Chitubu simbi
C. Kutakura simbi
(3) Simbi yemudziyo: a.Carbon tool simbi;B. Alloy tool simbi;C. High speed tool simbi.
(4) Simbi yekushanda yakakosha: a.Stainless acid-resistant simbi;B. Simbi inodzivirira kupisa: inosanganisira simbi inorwisa-oxidation, kupisa-simba simbi uye valve simbi;C. Electrothermal alloy simbi;D. Simbi isingapfeki;E. Low tembiricha simbi;F. Simbi yemagetsi.
(5) Simbi yehunyanzvi - senge simbi yebhiriji, simbi yengarava, simbi yekubikira, simbi yekumanikidza, simbi yemuchina wekurima, nezvimwe.
6. Comprehensive Classification
(1) Simbi yakajairika
A. Carbon structural simbi: (a) Q195;(b) Q215 (A, B);(c) Q235 (A, B, C);(d) Q255 (A, B);(e) Q275.
B. Yakaderera alloy structural simbi
C. General structural simbi nokuda chaiwo zvinangwa
(2) Simbi yemhando yepamusoro (kusanganisira simbi yemhando yepamusoro)
A. Structural simbi: (a) High quality carbon structural simbi;(b) Alloy structural simbi;(c) chitubu simbi;(d) Simbi inocheka nyore;(e) Kutakura simbi;(f) Yepamusoro-yemhando yesimbi yekuumbwa kwezvinangwa chaizvo.
B. Tool simbi: (a) Carbon mudziyo simbi;(b) Alloy tool simbi;(c) High-speed tool simbi.
C. Special performance simbi: (a) Stainless uye acid-resistant simbi;(b) Simbi isingapise kupisa;(c) Magetsi kupisa alloy simbi;(d) Simbi yemagetsi;(e) High manganese kupfeka-resistant simbi.
7. Kurongeka neSmelting Method
(1) Maererano nemhando yevira
A. Converter simbi: (a) asidhi inoshandura simbi;(b) Alkaline inoshandura simbi.Kana (a) pasi-inoputika simbi inoshandura;(b) Side-inopeperetswa inoshandura simbi;(c) Pamusoro pemhepo inoshandura simbi.
B. Magetsi echoto simbi: (a) Magetsi arc choto simbi;(b) Electroslag furnace steel;(c) induction choto simbi;(d) Vacuum consumable choto simbi;(e) Electron danda choto chesimbi.
(2) Zvinoenderana nedhigirii deoxidization uye kudira system
A. Simbi inofashaira;B. Semi-yakadzikama simbi;C. Akaurayiwa simbi;D. Simbi yakaurayiwa inokosha.

IV.Mhedziso yeSimbi Nhamba Representation Method muChina

Chigadzirwa chemhando inowanzomiririrwa nekubatanidza maChinese alphabet, kemikari element chiratidzo uye nhamba yechiArab.Ndiko kuti:
(1) Mamiriro emakemikari munhamba dzesimbi anomiririrwa nezviratidzo zvemakemikari epasi rose, seSi, Mn, Cr, nezvimwewo. Yakasanganiswa isingawanzo pasi zvinhu zvinomiririrwa neRE (kana Xt).
(2) Zita rechigadzirwa, kushandiswa, kunyunguduka uye nzira dzekudira, nezvimwewo, zvinowanzo ratidzwa nezvipfupiso zveChinese phonetics.
(3) Zvinyorwa zvemakemikari makuru (%) musimbi zvinoratidzwa nenhamba dzechiArab.
Paunenge uchishandisa chiChinese alphabet kumiririra zita rechigadzirwa, kushandiswa, maitiro uye maitiro ekugadzirisa, iyo yekutanga tsamba inowanzosarudzwa kubva kuChinese alphabet kumiririra zita rechigadzirwa.Paunodzokorora nebhii rakasarudzwa rechimwe chigadzirwa, vara rechipiri kana rechitatu rinogona kushandiswa, kana kuti arufabheti yekutanga yemabhii maviri echiChinese inogona kusarudzwa panguva imwe chete.
Kana pasina mavara echiChinese kana alphabet yeChinese iripo parizvino, zviratidzo zvichave mavara echiRungu.